1.ThreadLocal可称为线程局部变量or本地线程变量,该类的作用是为每个线程都创建一个变量副本, 每个线程都可以修改自己所拥有的变量副本, 而不会影响其他线程的副本. 其实这也是解决线程安全的问题的一种方法。
2.变量副本是什么时候“复制”到threadlocal中的呢?这里“复制”两个字用的很不专业。准确的说,应该是,变量副本【每个线程中保存的那个map中的变量】是怎么声明和初始化的?从源码可以看出,当线程中的threadlocalmap是null的时候,会调用createmap创建一个map。同时根据函数参数设置上初始值。也就是说,当前线程的threadlocalmap是在第一次调用set的时候创建map并且设置上相应的值的。如果没调用set之前直接调用get方法,也会初始化,调用的也是createmap方法。下面是set方法相关源码:
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}
/**
* 获取当前线程定义的ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
* @param t
* @return
*/
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}
map等于null情况 begin
/**
* 创建ThreadLocalMap实例对象
* @param t
* @param firstValue
*/
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
// this 指的是 ThreadLocal 实例变量
t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}
/**
*
* @param firstKey
* @param firstValue
*/
ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal<?> firstKey, Object firstValue) {
table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY]; // 数组容量16
int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);
table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue);
size = 1;
setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
private void setThreshold(int len) {
threshold = len * 2 / 3;
}
static class ThreadLocalMap {
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
/** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
Object value;
Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
super(k);
value = v;
}
}
// 数组是当前线程的成员变量ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals 的成员变量,
//用来存储当前线程所有ThreadLocal变量的实例
private Entry[] table;
private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16; // table 数组初始化容量
private int size = 0; // 当前table存放的个数
private int threshold; // Default to 0 // 何时扩容和此参数有关 len * 2 / 3;
map等于null情况 end
map不等于null情况 begin
private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
//顺环遍历
for (Entry e = tab[i];
e != null;
e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
if (k == key) {
e.value = value;
return;
}
//出现k等于null的情况为,还没有调用set的时候调用了get方法,
//并将initialValue 初始化的值存储到数组中,详情请看get方法
if (k == null) {
replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
return;
}
}
tab[i] = new Entry(key, value); // 该ThreadLocal对象之前并没有存储过
int sz = ++size;
// threshold=len * 2 / 3;
// 符合条件开始扩容 扩容大小为当前数组长度*2
if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
rehash();
}
//获取下一个下标
private static int nextIndex(int i, int len) {
return ((i + 1 < len) ? i + 1 : 0);
}
private boolean cleanSomeSlots(int i, int n) {
boolean removed = false;
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
do {
i = nextIndex(i, len);
Entry e = tab[i];
if (e != null && e.get() == null) {
n = len;
removed = true;
i = expungeStaleEntry(i);
}
} while ( (n >>>= 1) != 0);
return removed;
}
//开始扩容
private void resize() {
Entry[] oldTab = table;
int oldLen = oldTab.length;
int newLen = oldLen * 2;
Entry[] newTab = new Entry[newLen];
int count = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < oldLen; ++j) {
Entry e = oldTab[j];
if (e != null) {
ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
if (k == null) {
e.value = null; // Help the GC
} else {
int h = k.threadLocalHashCode & (newLen - 1);
while (newTab[h] != null)
h = nextIndex(h, newLen);
newTab[h] = e;
count++;
}
}
}
setThreshold(newLen);
size = count;
table = newTab;
}
map不等于null情况 end
3.每个线程的变量副本是存储在哪里的?
可以从ThreadLocal的get方法的源码中看出来,其中getmap函数是用t作为参数,这里t就是当前执行的线程。从而得知,get函数就是从当前线程的threadlocalmap中取出当前线程对应的变量的副本【注意,变量是保存在线程中的,而不是保存在ThreadLocal变量中】。当前线程中,有一个变量引用名字是threadLocals,这个引用是在ThreadLocal类中createmap函数内初始化的。每个线程都有一个这样的threadLocals引用的ThreadLocalMap,以ThreadLocal和ThreadLocal对象声明的变量类型作为参数。这样,我们所使用的ThreadLocal变量的实际数据,通过get函数取值的时候,就是通过取出Thread中threadLocals引用的map,然后从这个map中根据当前threadLocal作为参数,取出数据。下面是get方法的源码:
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
//获取当前线程的ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals 实例对象
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue(); // 调用初始化方法
}
private Entry getEntry(ThreadLocal<?> key) {
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (table.length - 1);
Entry e = table[i];
if (e != null && e.get() == key)
return e;
else
return getEntryAfterMiss(key, i, e);
}
private Entry getEntryAfterMiss(ThreadLocal<?> key, int i, Entry e) {
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
while (e != null) {
ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
if (k == key)
return e;
if (k == null)
expungeStaleEntry(i);
else
i = nextIndex(i, len); // 获取下标
e = tab[i];
}
return null;
}
/**
* 获取initialValue初始化的值,并将初始化的值存储到数组中去
* @return
*/
private T setInitialValue() {
// 调用初始化方法,可以在创建ThreadLocal实例的时候重写该方法
T value = initialValue();
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
// 获取当前线程成员变量 ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals 的实例对象;
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value); // 创建 ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals 实例对象
return value;
}