单例模式

/**
 * Created by wwhhff11 on 16-8-18.
 */
public class Singleton1 {

    private static A a = null;

    private static class A {

    }

    static {
        System.out.println("----static----");
        a = new A();
    }

    // 执行方法时候对象才被创建
    public static A getInstance() {
        System.out.println("------getInstance----");
        return a;
    }

}

/**
 * Created by wwhhff11 on 16-8-18.
 */
public class Singleton1 {

    private static A a = null;

    private static class A {

    }

    // 判断不优雅
    public static A getInstance() {
        System.out.println("------getInstance----");
        if (a == null) {
            synchronized (A.class) {
                a = new A();
            }
        }
        return a;
    }

}

/**
 * Created by wwhhff11 on 16-8-18.
 */
public class Singleton1 {

    private static volatile A a = null;

    private static class A {

    }

    // 判断不优雅
    public static A getInstance() {
        System.out.println("------getInstance----");
        if (a == null) {
            synchronized (A.class) {
                // double check
                // 防止重复创建
                // 如果没有volatile 关键字：不是线程安全的
                // 在new的过程中分为两步：1. 为对象分配空间，并且指向空间 2.初始化对象
                // 如果在其他线程使用到了这个static变量然而不为空，会导致异常
                if (a == null) {
                    a = new A();
                }
            }
        }
        return a;
    }

}

double-check 问题

/**
 * Created by wwhhff11 on 16-8-18.
 */
public class Singleton1 {

    private static A a = null;

    private static class A {

    }

    // 成员内部类优化单例模式
    private static class Factory {
        private static A a = new A();
    }

    public static A getInstance() {
        return Factory.a;
    }

}