降级gcc和g++为版本gcc-7和g++-7

错误提示：

/usr/local/cuda-10.1/include/crt/host_config.h:129:2: error: #error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 8 are not supported!
  129 | #error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 8 are not supported!
      |  ^~~~~
error: command '/usr/local/cuda-10.1/bin/nvcc' failed with exit code 1

cuda-10.1的版本不支持gcc的版本大于8的，所以需要将编译器gcc和g++降级。

1.查看当前gcc版本

gcc -v

 版本为：11.4.0

2. 直接安装gcc-7和g++-7

sudo apt-get install gcc-7 g++-7

遇到错误：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Package g++-7 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

Package gcc-7 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'gcc-7' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'g++-7' has no installation candidate

错误原因：使用的apt镜像库没有这个软件。

3. 添加apt库

运行

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

在最后添加

# stable add by , in order to install g++7
deb [arch=amd64] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal main universe

然后

更新apt库
sudo apt update
安装gcc和g++
sudo apt-get install gcc-7 g++-7

至此，gcc-7和g++-7安装成功 

4.切换gcc和g++版本

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 80
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-7 80

以上命令将gcc-7版本设置为默认gcc，并将其优先级设置为80。在多个gcc版本同时存在的情况下，系统将按照优先级自动选择使用哪个版本。