解析常量表达式

把字符串解析成常量表达式

• 试图把输入的字符串转换成能够计算的数学表达式；
• 设计模式：审批模式；
• 优先级：’()’ > ‘*/’ > ‘±’;
• 解析字符串：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

int isnum(char ch);
void eatspace(char *str);
char * roundbmatch(char *str, int *pindex);
double getnum(char *str, int *pindex);
double plus(char *str);
double multi(char *str, int *pindex);

//判定是否为数字
int isnum(char ch) {
	return (ch >= '0'&&ch <= '9') ? 1 : 0;
}

//去除空格
void eatspace(char *str) {
	char *p1 = str;
	char *p2 = str;
	while ((*p1 = *p2++) != '\0') {
		if (*p1 != ' ')p1++;
	}
}

//括号匹配，返回内层子串
char * roundbmatch(char *str, int *pindex) {
	char *pstr = NULL;
	int leftindex = *pindex;
	int num = 0;
	do {
		switch (*(str + (*pindex))) {
		case '(':
			num++;
			break;
		case ')':
			if (num == 0) {
				(*pindex)++;
				pstr = malloc(sizeof(char)*(*pindex - leftindex));
				strncpy_s(pstr, *pindex - leftindex, str + leftindex, *pindex - leftindex - 1);
				return pstr;
			}
			else {
				num--;
			}
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	} while (*(str+ ++(*pindex)) != '\0');

}

//获取数字
double getnum(char *str,int *pindex) {
	double value = 0.0;
	int index = *pindex;
	//遇到括号，应该返回子串，计算子串的值
	while (*(str + index) == '(') {
		char *psubstr = NULL;
		(*pindex)++;
		psubstr = roundbmatch(str, pindex);
		value = plus(psubstr);
		free(psubstr);
		return value;
	}
	//处理整数和小数
	while (1) {
		while (isnum(*(str + index))) {
			value = value * 10 + (*(str + index++) - 48);
		}
		if (*(str + index) == '.') {
			double decimals = 1.0;
			while (isnum(*(str + ++index))) {
				decimals /= 10;
				value += decimals * (*(str + index) - 48);
			}
		}
		*pindex = index;  //此时指向符号
		return value;
	}
}

//处理加减法
double plus(char *str) {
	double value = 0.0;
	int index = 0;
	value = multi(str, &index);
	while (1) {
		char ch = *(str + index++);
		switch (ch) {
		case '\0':
			return value;
		case '+':
			value += multi(str, &index);
			break;
		case '-':
			value -= multi(str, &index);
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	return value;
}
//处理乘除法
double multi(char *str, int *pindex) {
	double value = 0.0;
	int index = *pindex;
	value = getnum(str, &index);//获取第一个值
	while (1) {
		if (*(str + index) == '*') {
			++index;
			value *= getnum(str, &index);
		}
		else if (*(str + index) == '/') {
			++index;
			value /= getnum(str, &index);
		}
		else {
			break;
		}
	}
	*pindex = index;
	return value;
}

void main() {
	char str[100] = { 0 };
	scanf("%[^\n]", str);
	printf("输入%s\n", str);
	eatspace(str);
	printf("修正%s\n",str);
	double value = plus(str);
	printf("表达式结果值%f\n", value);
	system("pause");
}

• 结果：多次测试结果表明正确。