Nodejs学习笔记（六）验证

之前，我们是这样往数据库内添加文档的：

const courseSchema = mongoose.Schema({
    name: String,
    auther: String,
    tags: [ String ],
    date: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
    isPublished: Boolean
});
const Course = mongoose.model('Course',courseSchema); //返回值是一个类，故用大写命名
async function createCourse(){
    const course = new Course({
        name:'数据结构',
        auther:'刘晓霞',
        tags: ['算法','递归','复杂度'],
        isPublished:true
    });
    
    const result = await course.save(); //save()是一个异步方法，它返回一个Promise对象
    console.log(result);
}

我们没有做验证，这将导致即使文档的所有属性字段为空也能成功存储在数据库内。

1.required验证器（mongoose的内建验证器）

为解决这个问题，我们将对数据进行验证（validation）。
在创建schema时可以使用一个对象替代一个类型：name: { type : String, required : true}
然后在创建课程时加入异常处理即可：

async function createCourse(){
    const course = new Course({
        //name:'数据结构',
        auther:'刘晓霞',
        tags: ['算法','递归','复杂度'],
        isPublished:true
    });

    try{
        //await course.validate();
        const result = await course.save(); //save()是一个异步方法，它返回一个Promise对象
        console.log(result);
    }catch(err){
        console.log(err.message);
    }
}

但这里似乎有一个问题：那就是即使做了验证，数据还是会被成功存入数据库。

name: { type : String, reqiured : true}这里的required既可以是一个布尔值，也可以是一个返回布尔值的函数，下面这个例子就实现了当isPublished属性为true是才验证name属性必须存在：

name: { type : String, required : function(){return this.isPublished}}

2.自定义验证器

tags: {
        type:Array,
        validate:{
            validator:function(v){
                return v.length > 0;
            },
            message:"每个课程至少要有1个标签"
        }
    }

3.异步验证器

tags: {
        type:Array,
        validate:{
            isAsync:true,
            validator:function(v ,callback){
                setTimeout(() => {
                    //用setTimeout来模拟异步操作，这里可能是读取数据库或者访问远程服务器
                    const result = v && v.length>0;
                    callback(result);
                },4000);
                
            },
            message:"每个课程至少要有1个标签"
        }
    }

4.处理多个异常

//创建课程的异步方法
async function createCourse(){
    const course = new Course({
        //name:'数据结构',
        auther:'刘晓霞',
        tags: null,
        isPublished:true
    });

    try{
        //await course.validate();
        const result = await course.save(); //save()是一个异步方法，它返回一个Promise对象
        console.log(result);
    }catch(err){
        //console.log(err.message);
        //err.errors.tags
        //err.errors.name
        for(field in err.errors){
            console.log(err.errors[field]);
        }
    }
}

运行结果中出现两个错误：

MongooseError [ValidatorError]: Path `name` is required.
    at new ValidatorError (C:\Users\Zijeak\Desktop\mongo-demo\node_modules\mongoose\lib\error\validator.js:29:11)
    at validate (C:\Users\Zijeak\Desktop\mongo-demo\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schematype.js:1170:13)
    at C:\Users\Zijeak\Desktop\mongo-demo\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schematype.js:1153:7
    at Array.forEach (<anonymous>)
    at SchemaString.SchemaType.doValidate (C:\Users\Zijeak\Desktop\mongo-demo\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schematype.js:1098:14)
    at C:\Users\Zijeak\Desktop\mongo-demo\node_modules\mongoose\lib\document.js:2372:18
    at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:79:11) {
  message: 'Path `name` is required.',
  name: 'ValidatorError',
  properties: {
    validator: [Function],
    message: 'Path `name` is required.',
    type: 'required',
    path: 'name',
    value: undefined
  },
  kind: 'required',
  path: 'name',
  value: undefined,
  reason: undefined,
  [Symbol(mongoose:validatorError)]: true
}
MongooseError [ValidatorError]: 每个课程至少要有1个标签
    at new ValidatorError (C:\Users\Zijeak\Desktop\mongo-demo\node_modules\mongoose\lib\error\validator.js:29:11)
    at validate (C:\Users\Zijeak\Desktop\mongo-demo\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schematype.js:1170:13)
    at C:\Users\Zijeak\Desktop\mongo-demo\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schematype.js:1193:5
    at Timeout._onTimeout (C:\Users\Zijeak\Desktop\mongo-demo\index.js:20:21)
    at listOnTimeout (internal/timers.js:549:17)
    at processTimers (internal/timers.js:492:7) {
  message: '每个课程至少要有1个标签',
  name: 'ValidatorError',
  properties: {
    isAsync: true,
    validator: [Function: validator],
    message: '每个课程至少要有1个标签',
    type: 'user defined',
    path: 'tags',
    value: null
  },
  kind: 'user defined',
  path: 'tags',
  value: null,
  reason: undefined,
  [Symbol(mongoose:validatorError)]: true
}

5.schema的选项