8. String to Integer (atoi)

Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.

Notes: It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs). You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front.

开始用stringstream，太慢，就改为这种算法

unsigned   int   0～4294967295   
int   -2147483648～2147483647 
unsigned long 0～4294967295
long  - 2147483648～2147483647
long long的最大值：9223372036854775807
long long的最小值：-9223372036854775808
unsigned long long的最大值：1844674407370955161


__int64的最大值：9223372036854775807
__int64的最小值：-9223372036854775808
unsigned __int64的最大值：18446744073709551615

class Solution {
public:
int myAtoi(string str) {
        long result = 0;
        bool negative = false;
        int i = str.find_first_not_of(' ');
        if (str[i] == '-') negative = true,i++; 
        else if (str[i] == '+') i++;
        for (int n = i; i - n <= 10 && isdigit(str[i]); i++) result = result * 10 + (str[i]-'0');　//如果超过十位，肯定就是越界了
        if (negative) result = -result;
        return (result > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : (result < INT_MIN ? INT_MIN : result));
    }
};