eNSP-静态路由扩展配置

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已于 2023-07-03 19:22:40 修改

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分类专栏： eNSP 文章标签：网络

于 2023-07-03 19:00:34 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_18931093/article/details/131521819

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该文详细介绍了如何在eNSP环境中进行静态路由的扩展配置，包括IP地址的规划，环回接口的设置，以及路由器之间的路由表配置。同时，文中还涉及了DHCP服务的启用以供R3下的PC自动获取IP地址，并通过测试验证了全网可达性和路由的有效性。

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eNSP-静态路由扩展配置

文章目录

eNSP-静态路由扩展配置

一、题目要求

1.R1-R5 为局域网，私有地址 192.168.1.0/24 ，请合理分配；

2.R1，R2，R4，各有两个环回地址，R5，R6各有一个环回地址；所有由器上环回均代表连接用户的接囗 ;

3.R3 下的两台 pc通过 DHCP 自动获取IP地址 ;

4.选路最佳，路由表尽量小，避免环路；

5.R4和R5正常通过1000M链路，故障时通过100M链路；

在这里插入图片描述

二、题目分析

1.IP地址规划

由图可以计算出需要14个网段

要将192.168.1.0/24划分为14个网段，可以按照如下步骤进行划分：

确定每个子网所需的主机数量。由于需要划分为14个子网，但是经过汇总可以发现需要六个子网即可。可以使用2的幂次方找到最接近于6的数，即8，需要三位二进制位，因此我们选择使用/27（24+3=27）的子网掩码划分出8个网段（其中两个保留）。
进行子网划分。根据所选择的子网掩码，可以得到如下图子网划分：

在这里插入图片描述

2.环回接口代码

[r1]interface LoopBack 0 

[r1-LoopBack0]ip add  

[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.x x

3.路由表分配

R1缺省路由->R2

R1缺省路由->R3

R1->R2,R3业务网段

R1->R4两条骨干网段

R2缺省路由->R4

R2->R1,R4业务网段

R2->R3两条骨干网段

R3：

R3缺省路由->R4

R3->R1,R4业务网段

R3->R2两条骨干网段

R4->R1两条等价路由

R4->R5两条浮动路由

R4->R2,R3业务网段

R4->R1两条骨干网段

192.168.1.0/24->R4两条浮动路由

除此之外配置空借口路由避免产生路由环路。

三、拓扑结构搭建

在这里插入图片描述

四、基本配置

根据上方分析输入命令

配置接口地址

#配置接口地址
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28

R2,R4,R5根据分析配置相应ip。

R1:

#路由表
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6
#汇总，避免产生路由黑洞
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

R2:

#路由表
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10
#汇总，避免产生路由黑洞
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

R3:

#路由表
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14
#汇总，避免产生路由黑洞
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0
#开启DHCP服务
[R3]dhcp enable
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
[R3]ip pool pool
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[R3-ip-pool-pool]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27
[R3-ip-pool-pool]gateway-list 192.168.1.97
[R3-ip-pool-pool]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[R3-ip-pool-pool]int g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global

R4:

#路由表
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.22 preference 70
#汇总，避免产生路由黑洞
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

R5:

#路由表
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.21 preference 70
#汇总，避免产生路由黑洞
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 NULL 0

五、测试验证

1.DHCP验证

PC1:

PC>ipconfig

Link local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fe5e:460b
IPv6 address......................: :: / 128
IPv6 gateway......................: ::
IPv4 address......................: 0.0.0.0
Subnet mask.......................: 0.0.0.0
Gateway...........................: 0.0.0.0
Physical address..................: 54-89-98-5E-46-0B
DNS server........................:

PC>ipconfig

Link local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fe5e:460b
IPv6 address......................: :: / 128
IPv6 gateway......................: ::
IPv4 address......................: 192.168.1.126
Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.224
Gateway...........................: 192.168.1.97
Physical address..................: 54-89-98-5E-46-0B
DNS server........................: 8.8.8.8

PC2:

PC>ipconfig

Link local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fea3:c90
IPv6 address......................: :: / 128
IPv6 gateway......................: ::
IPv4 address......................: 0.0.0.0
Subnet mask.......................: 0.0.0.0
Gateway...........................: 0.0.0.0
Physical address..................: 54-89-98-A3-0C-90
DNS server........................:

PC>ipconfig

Link local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fea3:c90
IPv6 address......................: :: / 128
IPv6 gateway......................: ::
IPv4 address......................: 192.168.1.125
Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.224
Gateway...........................: 192.168.1.97
Physical address..................: 54-89-98-A3-0C-90
DNS server........................: 8.8.8.8

2.全网可达验证

PC1ping各个路由器环回

PC>ping 192.168.1.33

Ping 192.168.1.33: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=32 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=31 ms

--- 192.168.1.33 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 31/37/47 ms
  
PC>ping 192.168.1.65

Ping 192.168.1.65: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=16 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=46 ms

--- 192.168.1.65 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 16/46/63 ms

PC>ping 192.168.1.129

Ping 192.168.1.129: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=32 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=31 ms

--- 192.168.1.129 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms

PC>ping 192.168.1.161

Ping 192.168.1.161: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=32 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=31 ms

--- 192.168.1.161 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 31/37/47 ms

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eNSP-静态路由扩展配置

1.R1-R5 为局域网，私有地址 192.168.1.0/24 ，请合理分配；2.R1，R2，R4，各有两个环回地址，R5，R6各有一个环回地址；所有由器上环回均代表连接用户的接囗 ;3.R3 下的两台 pc通过 DHCP 自动获取IP地址 ;4.选路最佳，路由表尽量小，避免环路；5.R4和R5正常通过1000M链路，故障时通过100M链路；
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