Spring学习之使用 JdbcTemplate 与 NamedParameterJdbcTemplate 连接数据库

在项目工程中，我们一定会使用程序去连接数据库，Spring 中给我们提供了两个特别方便连接数据库的操作： JdbcTemplate 与 NamedParameterJdbcTemplate，如果不用Spring 提供的 JdbcTemplate，必须创建大量的冗余代码(创建连接，关闭连接，处理异常)中的所有DAO数据库的操作方法 - 插入，更新和删除。下面就介绍如果使用。

工程项目结构

数据库操作

CREATE TABLE `customer` (
  `ID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `NAME` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `AGE` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`CUST_ID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

程序代码

Customer.java    创建一个 model，用于与数据库中的表对应上

package com.wq.spring.customer.model;

/**
 * 创建一个 Customer的model
 * 用来对应上数据库中的表
 * @author wuq
 *
 */
public class Customer {

	private int id;
	private String name;
	private int age;
	
	public Customer(int id, String name, int age) {
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Customer [age=" + age + ", id=" + id + ", name=" + name+ "]";
	}
}

CustomerDao.java    数据的访问层 dao

package com.wq.spring.customer.dao;

import com.wq.spring.customer.model.Customer;

// 数据的访问层 dao
public interface CustomerDao {

	public void insert(Customer customer);
	public Customer findByCustomerById(int id);
	
}

JdbcCustomerDAO.java    通过 JdbcTemplate 的方式连接数据库。

使用 JdbcCustomerDAO 操作数据库，需要继承与 JdbcDaoSupport，通过 JdbcDaoSupport 来获取数据源操作类。使用JdbcTemplate 可节省大量的冗余代码，因为 JdbcTemplate类 会自动处理它。

package com.wq.spring.customer.dao.impl;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

import com.wq.spring.customer.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.wq.spring.customer.model.Customer;

public class JdbcCustomerDAO extends JdbcDaoSupport implements CustomerDao {

	@Override
	public void insert(Customer customer) {
		String sql = "INSERT INTO CUSTOMER (ID, NAME, AGE) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";

		getJdbcTemplate().update( sql, new Object[] { customer.getId(), customer.getName(),
						customer.getAge() });
	}

	@Override
	public Customer findByCustomerById(int id) {
		String sql = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE ID = ?";
		Map<String, Object>  customerMap =  getJdbcTemplate().queryForMap(sql, id);
		
		Customer customer = new Customer( 
				Integer.parseInt(customerMap.get("ID").toString()), 
				customerMap.get("NAME").toString(),
				Integer.valueOf(customerMap.get("AGE").toString()));
		return customer;
	}
}

SimpleJdbcCustomerDAO.java   使用 NamedParameterJdbcTemplate 操作数据库

package com.wq.spring.customer.dao.impl;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.BeanPropertySqlParameterSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.SqlParameterSource;

import com.wq.spring.customer.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.wq.spring.customer.model.Customer;
																		   
public class SimpleJdbcCustomerDAO extends NamedParameterJdbcDaoSupport implements CustomerDao{

	@Override
	public void insert(Customer customer) {
		// :name 需要为小写的，大写的会报错
		String sql = "UPDATE CUSTOMER SET NAME = :name WHERE ID = :id";
		
		SqlParameterSource ps=new BeanPropertySqlParameterSource(customer);
		int i = getNamedParameterJdbcTemplate().update(sql, ps);	// 传入的参数也可以使用 map
		System.out.println("更新影响行数：" + i);
	}
	
	@Override
	public Customer findByCustomerById(int id) {
		// :ID 需要和 map 中的 key 大小写保持一致
		String sql = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE ID = :ID";
		
		// 拼接条件
		Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap();
		map.put("ID", id);
		
		// 查询返回一个 list
		List<Map<String, Object>> list = getNamedParameterJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql, map);
		System.out.println( list.toString() );
		
		// 查询返回 map
		Map<String, Object>  customerMap =  getNamedParameterJdbcTemplate().queryForMap(sql, map);
		
		Customer customer = new Customer( 
				Integer.parseInt(customerMap.get("ID").toString()), 
				customerMap.get("NAME").toString(),
				Integer.valueOf(customerMap.get("AGE").toString()));
		
		return customer;
	}
}

Test.java  测试类

package com.wq.spring.customer.app;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.wq.spring.customer.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.wq.spring.customer.model.Customer;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-jdbc-connect.xml");
   	 
        CustomerDao customerDAO = (CustomerDao) context.getBean("customerSimpleDAO");
        
       /* Customer customer = new Customer(1, "Wayfreem", 29);
        customerDAO.insert(customer);*/
    	
        Customer customer1 = customerDAO.findByCustomerById(1);
        System.out.println(customer1);
        
	}
}

jdbc.properties  数据源相关配置

jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc\:mysql\://localhost\:3306/study_db?serverTimezone\=GMT%2B8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=admin

spring-jdbc-connect.xml 配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
	    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
	    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
	    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
	    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
	    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
	    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
	
	<!-- 引入外部的属性文件 -->
	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
	
	<!-- 配置数据源 -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
		<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" />
		<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
		<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 通过 spring ioc 容器自动注入 JdbcCustomerDAO  -->
	<bean id="customerDAO" class="com.wq.spring.customer.dao.impl.JdbcCustomerDAO">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="customerSimpleDAO" class="com.wq.spring.customer.dao.impl.SimpleJdbcCustomerDAO">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
	</bean>
	
</beans>

启动测试类，查询结果如下

附

如果不继承于 JdbcDaoSupport 来获取数据源，可以使用下面的操作代码

package com.wq.spring.customer.dao.impl;

import java.util.Map;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import com.wq.spring.customer.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.wq.spring.customer.model.Customer;

public class JdbcCustomerDAO implements CustomerDao {

	private DataSource dataSource;

	private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

	public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
		this.dataSource = dataSource;
	}

	@Override
	public void insert(Customer customer) {
		String sql = "INSERT INTO CUSTOMER (ID, NAME, AGE) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";

		jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
		jdbcTemplate.update( sql, new Object[] { customer.getId(), customer.getName(),
						customer.getAge() });
	}

	@Override
	public Customer findByCustomerById(int id) {
		String sql = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE ID = ?";
		
		jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
		Map<String, Object>  customerMap =  jdbcTemplate.queryForMap(sql, id);
		
		Customer customer = new Customer( 
				Integer.parseInt(customerMap.get("ID").toString()), 
				customerMap.get("NAME").toString(),
				Integer.valueOf(customerMap.get("AGE").toString()));
		return customer;
	}

}

源码地址：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1y8RHwHw2rPc8NUIysC2m-A

提取码：e7fr