概述
在前面的文章中,我们讲了使用Eureka
作为服务注册中心,在服务启动后,各个微服务会将自己注册到Eureka server
。那么服务之间是如何调用?又是如何进行负载均衡的呢?本文讲讲服务之间调用及负载均衡Ribbon。
目前,在Spring cloud 中服务之间通过restful方式调用有两种方式
- restTemplate+Ribbon
- feign
从实践上看,采用feign的方式更优雅(feign内部也使用了ribbon做负载均衡)。
本文使用如下的项目实例来分别演示这两种写法。
- hello
服务,读取数据库,返回信息
- world
服务,返回信息
- helloworld
服务,调用了hello
服务和world
服务(restTemplate+Ribbon方式)
- helloworldfeign
服务,调用了hello
服务和world
服务(feign方式)
本文项目代码:springcloud-demo
如何理解客户端Ribbon
zuul也有负载均衡的功能,它是针对外部请求做负载,那客户端ribbon的负载均衡又是怎么一回事?
客户端ribbon的负载均衡,解决的是服务发起方(在Eureka注册的服务)对被调用的服务的负载,比如我们查询商品服务要调用显示库存和商品明细服务,通过商品服务的接口将两个服务组合,可以减少外部应用的请求,比如手机App发起一次请求即可,可以节省网络带宽,也更省电。
ribbon是对服务之间调用做负载,是服务之间的负载均衡,zuul是可以对外部请求做负载均衡。
hello服务与world服务
hello服务
Git项目代码:hello
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.31</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
<version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
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启动类HelloApplication:
package com.example.hello;
import com.example.hello.model.Info;
import com.example.hello.repository.InfoRepository;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloApplication {
private static final Logger log= LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloApplication.class);
public static final String KEY="Database";
public static final String VALUE="MYSQL FROM BILLJIANG";
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HelloApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public CommandLineRunner initDatabase(InfoRepository repository){
return (args) -> {
repository.save(new Info(KEY,VALUE));
};
}
}
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入口类HelloController:
package com.example.hello.controller;
import com.example.hello.HelloApplication;
import com.example.hello.model.HelloMessage;
import com.example.hello.model.Info;
import com.example.hello.repository.InfoRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@Autowired
private InfoRepository infoRepository;
@GetMapping("/")
public String home(){
return "hello";
}
@GetMapping("/message")
public HelloMessage getMessage() {
HelloMessage helloMessage = new HelloMessage();
helloMessage.setName(getLocalInstanceInfo());
helloMessage.setMessage(getInfoFromDatabase());
return helloMessage;
}
private String getLocalInstanceInfo() {
ServiceInstance serviceInstance = discoveryClient.getLocalServiceInstance();
return serviceInstance.getServiceId() + ":" + serviceInstance.getHost() + ":" + serviceInstance.getPort();
}
private String getInfoFromDatabase() {
List<Info> infoList = infoRepository.findByName(HelloApplication.KEY);
for (Info info : infoList) {
return info.toString();
}
return "(no database info)";
}
}
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配置文件application.yml:
#随机端口
server:
port: 0
#服务注册中心
eureka:
client:
service-url:
default-zone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
instance:
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.application.instance_id:${random.value}}
#数据源
spring:
application:
name: hello
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/${{MYSQL_DATABASE}:foodb}
username: ${{MYSQL_USERNAME}:root}
password: ${{MYSQL_PASSWORD}:billjiang}
testWhileIdle: true
validationQuery: SELECT 1
jpa:
show-sql: true
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
naming-strategy: org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
properties:
hibernate:
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
zipkin:
base-url: http://127.0.0.1:9411
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其他类略,请参照源码:
world
world服务与hello服务类似,不过没有连接数据库
项目代码:world
helloworld调用hello服务和world服务
采用restTemplate+Ribbon调用服务。
项目代码:helloworld
启动类HelloworldApplication:
配置restTemplate的Bean
package com.example.helloworld
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class HelloworldApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HelloworldApplication.class, args)
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate()
}
}
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入口类HelloworldController:
package com.example.helloworld.controller;
import com.example.helloworld.model.HelloMessage;
import com.example.helloworld.model.HelloworldMessage;
import com.example.helloworld.model.WorldMessage;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* @author billjiang 475572229@qq.com
* @create 17-8-22
*/
@RestController
public class HelloworldController {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloworldController.class);
private static final String HELLO_SERVICE_NAME = "hello";
private static final String WORLD_SERVICE_NAME = "world";
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/")
public String home() {
return "hello world";
}
@GetMapping("/message")
public HelloworldMessage getMessage() {
HelloMessage hello = getMessageFromHelloService();
WorldMessage world = getMessageFromWorldService();
HelloworldMessage helloworld = new HelloworldMessage();
helloworld.setHello(hello);
helloworld.setWord(world);
log.debug("Result helloworld message:{}", helloworld);
return helloworld;
}
private HelloMessage getMessageFromHelloService() {
HelloMessage hello = restTemplate.getForObject("http://hello/message", HelloMessage.class);
log.debug("From hello service : {}.", hello);
return hello;
}
private WorldMessage getMessageFromWorldService() {
WorldMessage world = restTemplate.getForObject("http://world/message", WorldMessage.class);
log.debug("From world service : {}.", world);
return world;
}
}
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测试:
helloworldfeign调用hello服务和world服务
feign方式调用服务,项目代码参考:helloworldfeign
pom.xml引入feignx
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
配置启动类注解:
package com.example.helloworldfeign;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class HelloworldFeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HelloworldFeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
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被调用接口HelloService
package com.example.helloworldfeign.service;
import com.example.helloworldfeign.model.HelloMessage;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
/**
* @author billjiang 475572229@qq.com
* @create 17-8-23
*/
@FeignClient(value="hello")
public interface HelloService {
@GetMapping("/message")
HelloMessage hello();
}
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被调用接口WorldService
package com.example.helloworldfeign.service;
import com.example.helloworldfeign.model.WorldMessage;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
/**
* @author billjiang 475572229@qq.com
* @create 17-8-23
*/
@FeignClient(value="world")
public interface WorldService {
@GetMapping("/message")
WorldMessage world();
}
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入口类HelloworldController:
package com.example.helloworldfeign.controller;
import com.example.helloworldfeign.model.HelloMessage;
import com.example.helloworldfeign.model.HelloworldMessage;
import com.example.helloworldfeign.model.WorldMessage;
import com.example.helloworldfeign.service.HelloService;
import com.example.helloworldfeign.service.WorldService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author billjiang 475572229@qq.com
* @create 17-8-23
*/
@RestController
public class HelloworldController {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloworldController.class);
private static final String HELLO_SERVICE_NAME = "hello";
private static final String WORLD_SERVICE_NAME = "world";
@Autowired
private HelloService helloService;
@Autowired
private WorldService worldService;
@GetMapping("/")
public String home() {
return "hello world";
}
@GetMapping("/message")
public HelloworldMessage getMessage() {
HelloMessage hello = helloService.hello();
WorldMessage world = worldService.world();
HelloworldMessage helloworld = new HelloworldMessage();
helloworld.setHello(hello);
helloworld.setWord(world);
log.debug("Result helloworld message:{}", helloworld);
return helloworld;
}
}
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为了更好的地查看效果,hello服务和world服务可以启动多个实例,并把调用实例的ip和端口输出来。