c-language file operations

In c-language file operation,files include text files and binaries.Both of them exist as streams in system.

Three important streams about terminal.

When a file is written, the written data is stored in the cache.

1.stdin (standard input streams)

2.stdout (standard output streams)

3.stderr (standard error streams)

Open files.

function prototype :
FILE *fopen(const char *path, const char *mode);
parameter:
The string “path” contains path and filename of the file to open.The string “mode” represents the type of stream to open.

Some tips of parameter “mode” :

• With ‘+’ for read/write, read/write is allowed.
• Contains ‘b’ for open binary file, otherwise for text file.
• ‘r’, read only open;If and only if it contains ‘r’, the file must exist, otherwise you can create a new file.
• ‘w’, write, if there is a file, then delete and then new, equivalent to write from scratch.
• ‘a’, append, write at the end.
  eg:
  *FILE fp=fopen(“file.txt”,“r”);

Close files.

function prototype :
int fclose(FILE *stream);
eg:
fclos(fp);
After manipulating the file,remeber to close it.

the read and write operations of files.

“fgets” and “fputs”

fgets

Function “fgets” is used to read data from files.
function prototype :
char *fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream);

fputs

Function “fputs” is used to write data to files.
function prototype :
int fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream);

“fscanf” and “fprintf”

fscanf

It is used to formatted read.
function prototype :
int fscanf(FILE *stream, const char *format, …);

fprintf

It is used to formatted write.
function prototype :
int fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, …);

“fread” and “fwrite”

fread

It is used to read data from a binary file.
function prototype :
size_t fread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream);

fwrite

The data to be written to a file is written to the file in binary form.
function prototype :
size_t fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb,FILE *stream);