CentOS 7安装MySQL5.6

1. 下载MySQL5.6

1.1 下载

官方下载网站

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

1.2 安装版本

选择版本号为5.6发布版本，演示为5.6.51版本；选择相应的操作系统与操作系统版本，CentOS7 64位对应选择Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (x86, 64-bit)

2. 安装MySQL5.6

2.1 冲突数据库

卸载CentOS中自带的mariadb

[root@192 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb | xargs rpm -e --nodeps

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2.2 安装包准备

上传MySQL-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar到CentOS系统

2.3 解压

解压MySQL-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar文件

# 创建mysq56l目录用于存储解压后RPM程序包

[root@192 ~]# mkdir mysql56

# 解压文件到mysql56目录

[root@192 ~]# tar -xvf ./MySQL-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C ./mysql56/

MySQL-client-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-devel-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-embedded-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-server-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-shared-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-test-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2.4 安装依赖

[root@192 ~]# yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper

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2.5 安装mysql

安装MySQL-server服务和MySQL-client客户端服务

# 创建mysql组

[root@192 ~]# groupadd mysql

# 创建mysql用户

[root@192 ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql

# 安装MySQL-server服务，./mysql56表示安装包在根目录的mysql56文件夹内

[root@192 ~]# rpm -ivh ./mysql56/MySQL-server-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

# 安装MySQL-client客户端服务

[root@192 ~]# rpm -ivh ./mysql56/MySQL-client-5.6.51-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

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2.6 配置文件

配置my.cnf；MySQL加载my.cnf配置文件路径顺序：

/etc/my.cnf

/etc/mysql/my.cnf

/usr/local/etc/my.cnf

~/.my.cnf

# 移动/usr/my.cnf文件到/etc/目录下

[root@192 ~]# mv /usr/my.cnf /etc/

# 配置my.cnf文件

[root@192 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

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my.cnf文件配置参考

# 客户端配置

[client]

port = 3306

default-character-set = utf8mb4

# 服务端配置

[mysqld]

user = mysql

port = 3306

character-set-server = utf8mb4

back_log = 100

max_connections = 1000

max_connect_errors = 100

open_files_limit = 10000

thread_cache_size = 8

sql_mode = ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

# 禁止客户端域名解析

skip-name-resolve

# 禁止slave复制进程随mysql启动而自动启动

skip-slave-start

[mysqldump]

quick

[mysql]

auto-rehash

default-character-set = utf8mb4

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2.7 启动MySQL服务

[root@192 ~]# systemctl start mysql

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2.8 配置密码

查询root用户初始密码

# 初始密码查询

[root@192 ~]# cat /root/.mysql_secret

# The random password set for the root user at Fri Feb  5 16:01:13 2021 (local time): zg3wxtWOoXFFcQt6

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2.9 使用MySQL客户端首次登录控制台，并修改root用户初始密码和取消root用户的192访问限制

# 登录MySQL控制台

[root@192 ~]# mysql -u root -p

# 使用初始密码登录

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.6.51

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

# 修改root用户初始密码

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 取消root用户192访问限制

mysql> use mysql;

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> update user set Host='%' where User='root';

# 该错误可忽略, 实际上已操作成功

ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '%-root' for key 'PRIMARY'

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

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3. 注意事项

3.1 防火墙配置

注意MySQL服务的防火墙开通，可使用如下三种方式：

# 方法一：开通MySQL端口的访问权限

[root@192 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp

success

[root@192 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

success

# 方法二：开通MySQL服务的访问权限

[root@192 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mysql

success

[root@192 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

success

# 方法三：关闭防火墙，并禁止防火墙开机启动(不推荐)

[root@192 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

[root@192 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

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3.2 启动与停止

使用RPM安装的会自动将MySQL注册为系统服务，使用CentOS系统的systemctl命令操作该服务即可

启动：systemctl start mysql

停止：systemctl stop mysql

开启开机启动：systemctl enable mysql

禁止开机启动：systemctl disable mysql

3.3 默认安装位置

以RPM方式安装MySQL的默认路径以及数据存储路径为/var/lib/mysql