onSaveInstanceState和onRestoreInstanceState.

1.onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState)与onRestoreIntanceState（Bundle savedInstanceState）什么情况下调用？

 系统只会在Activity即将被销毁并且有机会重新显示的情况下才会去调用它，比如说，旋转屏幕，Activity异常销毁同时会立刻创建新的Activity实例。
 这个与用户交互Activity正常销毁不同.所以可以简单的理解为Activity只会在异常终止的时候才会调用onSaveInstanceState和 
 onRestoreIntanceState来恢复和存储数据。其他情况不会触发这个过程.

异常情况下:

 Activity终止，系统会调用onSaveInstanceState来保存当前Activity的状态，这个方法调用时机是在
 ，当Activity被重新创建后，系统会调用onRestoreIntanceState，并且把之前Activity销毁时
 调用的onSaveInstanceState()方法所保存的bundle作为参数同时传递给onRestoreIntanceState
 和onCreate，但二者是有区别的.

俩者区别：

1)  onRestoreIntanceState一旦被调用，其参数Bundle savedInstanceState是一定有值的，
所以不需要额外的判断是否为空。
2)  onCreate()不行，onCreate如果是正常启动，其参数Bundle savedInstanceState为null,
所以必须进行额外的判断。官方建议采用onRestoreInstanceState()去恢复数据.

以下代码帮助理解：横竖屏切换下

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
     private final static String TAG = "MainActivity";
     @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        if (savedInstanceState != null) {
            String test = savedInstanceState.getString("HelloWorld");
            Log.d(TAG, "[onCreate] restore HelloWorld:" + test);
        }
        //用代码写死横竖屏
        //setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
    }
    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        Log.d(TAG, "onSaveInstanceState");
        outState.putString("HelloWorld", "test");
    }
    @Override
    protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
        String test = savedInstanceState.getString("HelloWorld");
        Log.d(TAG, "[onRestore] restore HelloWorld:" + test);
    }
    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        Log.d(TAG, "onStart");
    }
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        Log.d(TAG, "onResume");
    }
    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        Log.d(TAG, "onPause");
    }
    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        Log.d(TAG, "onStop");
    }
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy");
    }

输出结果：

a.刚启动(Activity) :   create-> start-> resume

b.旋转屏幕后，旧的activity先puase -->stop-->destory,而onSaveInstanceState就是在onStop之前调用.

c. 新的Activity的在oncreate方法中，if (savedInstanceState != null) 为true，从而打印log.从而说明旧activity在销毁前进行了数据的存储.

d.新的activity:create -> start -> onRestoreInstanceState -> onresume