JZ2440 NAND FLASH学习

具体步骤:

从硬件上,访问NAND FLASH

1. 发命令(CLE)

2.发送地址(ALE)

3.传输数据

2440:

1.NFCMD

2.NFADDR

3.NFDATA

4.状态NFSTAT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

程序运行步骤:

第一步、上电,把NAND FLASH的4K的内容,自动复制到片内SRAM中(CPU的缓存中),设置栈指针sp 4096(C语言需要使用栈)关掉看门狗;

第二步、初始化SDRAM、初始化NAND FLASH ;

第三步、将NAND FLASH 4096开始的1M字节(mian.c)复制到SDRAM中;

第四步、重新设置栈指针pc 0x3400 0000(SDRAM),并跳到SDRAM中执行main函数

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

代码如下:

1.head.s

@******************************************************************************
@ File:head.s
@ 功能:设置SDRAM,将程序复制到SDRAM,然后跳到SDRAM继续执行
@******************************************************************************       
  
.text
.global _start
_start:
                                            @函数disable_watch_dog, memsetup, init_nand, nand_read_ll在init.c中定义
            ldr     sp, =4096               @设置堆栈 
            bl      disable_watch_dog       @关WATCH DOG
            bl      memsetup                @初始化SDRAM
            bl      nand_init               @初始化NAND Flash

                                            @将NAND Flash中地址4096开始的1024字节代码(main.c编译得到)复制到SDRAM中
                                            @nand_read_ll函数需要3个参数:
            ldr     r0,     =0x30000000     @1. 目标地址=0x30000000,这是SDRAM的起始地址
            mov     r1,     #4096           @2.  源地址   = 4096,连接的时候,main.c中的代码都存在NAND Flash地址4096开始处
            mov     r2,     #2048           @3.  复制长度= 2048(bytes),对于本实验的main.c,这是足够了
            bl      nand_read               @调用C函数nand_read

            ldr     sp, =0x34000000         @设置栈
            ldr     lr, =halt_loop          @设置返回地址
            ldr     pc, =main               @b指令和bl指令只能前后跳转32M的范围,所以这里使用向pc赋值的方法进行跳转
halt_loop:
            b       halt_loop

2.init.c

/* WOTCH DOG register */
#define 	WTCON				(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x53000000)

/* SDRAM regisers */
#define 	MEM_CTL_BASE		0x48000000
 
void disable_watch_dog();
void memsetup();

/*上电后,WATCH DOG默认是开着的,要把它关掉 */
void disable_watch_dog()
{
	WTCON	= 0;
}

/* 设置控制SDRAM的13个寄存器 */
void memsetup()
{
	int 	i = 0;
	unsigned long *p = (unsigned long *)MEM_CTL_BASE;

    /* SDRAM 13个寄存器的值 */
    unsigned long  const    mem_cfg_val[]={ 0x22011110,     //BWSCON
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON0
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON1
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON2
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON3  
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON4
                                            0x00000700,     //BANKCON5
                                            0x00018005,     //BANKCON6
                                            0x00018005,     //BANKCON7
                                            0x008C07A3,     //REFRESH
                                            0x000000B1,     //BANKSIZE
                                            0x00000030,     //MRSRB6
                                            0x00000030,     //MRSRB7
                                    };

	for(; i < 13; i++)
		p[i] = mem_cfg_val[i];
}

3.nand.c   //nand init

#define LARGER_NAND_PAGE

#define GSTATUS1        (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x560000B0)
#define BUSY            1

#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE    512
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK     (NAND_SECTOR_SIZE - 1)

#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE_LP    2048
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK_LP     (NAND_SECTOR_SIZE_LP - 1)

typedef unsigned int S3C24X0_REG32;


/* NAND FLASH (see S3C2410 manual chapter 6) */
typedef struct {
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCONF;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCMD;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFADDR;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFDATA;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSTAT;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFECC;
} S3C2410_NAND;

/* NAND FLASH (see S3C2440 manual chapter 6, www.100ask.net) */
typedef struct {
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCONF;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCONT;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCMD;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFADDR;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFDATA;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECCD0;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECCD1;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSECCD;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSTAT;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFESTAT0;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFESTAT1;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECC0;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECC1;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSECC;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSBLK;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFEBLK;
} S3C2440_NAND;


typedef struct {
    void (*nand_reset)(void);
    void (*wait_idle)(void);
    void (*nand_select_chip)(void);
    void (*nand_deselect_chip)(void);
    void (*write_cmd)(int cmd);
    void (*write_addr)(unsigned int addr);
    unsigned char (*read_data)(void);
}t_nand_chip;

static S3C2410_NAND * s3c2410nand = (S3C2410_NAND *)0x4e000000;
static S3C2440_NAND * s3c2440nand = (S3C2440_NAND *)0x4e000000;

static t_nand_chip nand_chip;

/* 供外部调用的函数 */
void nand_init(void);
void nand_read(unsigned char *buf, unsigned long start_addr, int size);

/* NAND Flash操作的总入口, 它们将调用S3C2410或S3C2440的相应函数 */
static void nand_reset(void);
static void wait_idle(void);
static void nand_select_chip(void);
static void nand_deselect_chip(void);
static void write_cmd(int cmd);
static void write_addr(unsigned int addr);
static unsigned char read_data(void);

/* S3C2410的NAND Flash处理函数 */
static void s3c2410_nand_reset(void);
static void s3c2410_wait_idle(void);
static void s3c2410_nand_select_chip(void);
static void s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip(void);
static void s3c2410_write_cmd(int cmd);
static void s3c2410_write_addr(unsigned int addr);
static unsigned char s3c2410_read_data();

/* S3C2440的NAND Flash处理函数 */
static void s3c2440_nand_reset(void);
static void s3c2440_wait_idle(void);
static void s3c2440_nand_select_chip(void);
static void s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip(void);
static void s3c2440_write_cmd(int cmd);
static void s3c2440_write_addr(unsigned int addr);
static unsigned char s3c2440_read_data(void);

/* S3C2410的NAND Flash操作函数 */

/* 复位 */
static void s3c2410_nand_reset(void)
{
    s3c2410_nand_select_chip();
    s3c2410_write_cmd(0xff);  // 复位命令
    s3c2410_wait_idle();
    s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip();
}

/* 等待NAND Flash就绪 */
static void s3c2410_wait_idle(void)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFSTAT;
    while(!(*p & BUSY))
        for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

/* 发出片选信号 */
static void s3c2410_nand_select_chip(void)
{
    int i;
    s3c2410nand->NFCONF &= ~(1<<11);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);    
}

/* 取消片选信号 */
static void s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip(void)
{
    s3c2410nand->NFCONF |= (1<<11);
}

/* 发出命令 */
static void s3c2410_write_cmd(int cmd)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFCMD;
    *p = cmd;
}

/* 发出地址 */
static void s3c2410_write_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFADDR;
    
    *p = addr & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 9) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 17) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 25) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

/* 读取数据 */
static unsigned char s3c2410_read_data(void)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFDATA;
    return *p;
}

/* S3C2440的NAND Flash操作函数 */

/* 复位 */
static void s3c2440_nand_reset(void)
{
    s3c2440_nand_select_chip();
    s3c2440_write_cmd(0xff);  // 复位命令
    s3c2440_wait_idle();
    s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip();
}

/* 等待NAND Flash就绪 */
static void s3c2440_wait_idle(void)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFSTAT;
    while(!(*p & BUSY))
        for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

/* 发出片选信号 */
static void s3c2440_nand_select_chip(void)
{
    int i;
    s3c2440nand->NFCONT &= ~(1<<1);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);    
}

/* 取消片选信号 */
static void s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip(void)
{
    s3c2440nand->NFCONT |= (1<<1);
}

/* 发出命令 */
static void s3c2440_write_cmd(int cmd)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFCMD;
    *p = cmd;
}

/* 发出地址 */
static void s3c2440_write_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFADDR;
    
    *p = addr & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 9) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 17) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 25) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}


static void s3c2440_write_addr_lp(unsigned int addr)
{
	int i;
	volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFADDR;
	int col, page;

	col = addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK_LP;
	page = addr / NAND_SECTOR_SIZE_LP;
	
	*p = col & 0xff;			/* Column Address A0~A7 */
	for(i=0; i<10; i++);		
	*p = (col >> 8) & 0x0f; 	/* Column Address A8~A11 */
	for(i=0; i<10; i++);
	*p = page & 0xff;			/* Row Address A12~A19 */
	for(i=0; i<10; i++);
	*p = (page >> 8) & 0xff;	/* Row Address A20~A27 */
	for(i=0; i<10; i++);
	*p = (page >> 16) & 0x03;	/* Row Address A28~A29 */
	for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}


/* 读取数据 */
static unsigned char s3c2440_read_data(void)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFDATA;
    return *p;
}


/* 在第一次使用NAND Flash前,复位一下NAND Flash */
static void nand_reset(void)
{
    nand_chip.nand_reset();
}

static void wait_idle(void)
{
    nand_chip.wait_idle();
}

static void nand_select_chip(void)
{
    int i;
    nand_chip.nand_select_chip();
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

static void nand_deselect_chip(void)
{
    nand_chip.nand_deselect_chip();
}

static void write_cmd(int cmd)
{
    nand_chip.write_cmd(cmd);
}
static void write_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
    nand_chip.write_addr(addr);
}

static unsigned char read_data(void)
{
    return nand_chip.read_data();
}


/* 初始化NAND Flash */
void nand_init(void)
{
#define TACLS   0
#define TWRPH0  3
#define TWRPH1  0

    /* 判断是S3C2410还是S3C2440 */
    if ((GSTATUS1 == 0x32410000) || (GSTATUS1 == 0x32410002))
    {
        nand_chip.nand_reset         = s3c2410_nand_reset;
        nand_chip.wait_idle          = s3c2410_wait_idle;
        nand_chip.nand_select_chip   = s3c2410_nand_select_chip;
        nand_chip.nand_deselect_chip = s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip;
        nand_chip.write_cmd          = s3c2410_write_cmd;
        nand_chip.write_addr         = s3c2410_write_addr;
        nand_chip.read_data          = s3c2410_read_data;

		/* 使能NAND Flash控制器, 初始化ECC, 禁止片选, 设置时序 */
        s3c2410nand->NFCONF = (1<<15)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0);
    }
    else
    {
        nand_chip.nand_reset         = s3c2440_nand_reset;
        nand_chip.wait_idle          = s3c2440_wait_idle;
        nand_chip.nand_select_chip   = s3c2440_nand_select_chip;
        nand_chip.nand_deselect_chip = s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip;
        nand_chip.write_cmd          = s3c2440_write_cmd;
#ifdef LARGER_NAND_PAGE
        nand_chip.write_addr         = s3c2440_write_addr_lp;
#else
		nand_chip.write_addr		 = s3c2440_write_addr;
#endif
        nand_chip.read_data          = s3c2440_read_data;

		/* 设置时序 */
        s3c2440nand->NFCONF = (TACLS<<12)|(TWRPH0<<8)|(TWRPH1<<4);
        /* 使能NAND Flash控制器, 初始化ECC, 禁止片选 */
        s3c2440nand->NFCONT = (1<<4)|(1<<1)|(1<<0);
    }
    
    /* 复位NAND Flash */
    nand_reset();
}


/* 读函数 */
void nand_read(unsigned char *buf, unsigned long start_addr, int size)
{
    int i, j;

#ifdef LARGER_NAND_PAGE
    if ((start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK_LP) || (size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK_LP)) {
        return ;    /* 地址或长度不对齐 */
    }
#else
    if ((start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK) || (size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK)) {
        return ;    /* 地址或长度不对齐 */
    }
#endif	

    /* 选中芯片 */
    nand_select_chip();

    for(i=start_addr; i < (start_addr + size);) {
      /* 发出READ0命令 */
      write_cmd(0);

      /* Write Address */
      write_addr(i);
#ifdef LARGER_NAND_PAGE
      write_cmd(0x30);		
#endif
      wait_idle();

#ifdef LARGER_NAND_PAGE
      for(j=0; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE_LP; j++, i++) {
#else
	  for(j=0; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE; j++, i++) {
#endif
          *buf = read_data();
          buf++;
      }
    }

    /* 取消片选信号 */
    nand_deselect_chip();
    
    return ;
}


4.nand.lds //nand flash 链接文件

SECTIONS { 
  firtst  	0x00000000 : { head.o init.o nand.o}  //nand flash 0地址放着 head.o init.o nand.o二进制文件
  second 	0x30000000 : AT(4096) { main.o }  //在nand flash 4096地址放着 main.o二进制文件
} 

5.main.c



#define	GPFCON		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000050)
#define	GPFDAT		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000054)


#define	GPF4_out	(1<<(4*2))
#define	GPF5_out	(1<<(5*2))
#define	GPF6_out	(1<<(6*2))


void  wait(volatile unsigned long dly)
{
	for(; dly > 0; dly--);
}


int main(void)
{
	unsigned long i = 0;


	GPFCON = GPF4_out|GPF5_out|GPF6_out;		// 将LED1-3对应的GPF4/5/6三个引脚设为输出


	while(1){
		wait(30000);
		GPFDAT = (~(i<<4));	 	// 根据i的值,点亮LED1-3
		if(++i == 8)
			i = 0;
	}


	return 0;
}

6.Makefile

objs := head.o init.o nand.o main.o

nand.bin : $(objs)
	arm-linux-ld -Tnand.lds	-o nand_elf $^
	arm-linux-objcopy -O binary -S nand_elf $@
	arm-linux-objdump -D -m arm  nand_elf > nand.dis

%.o:%.c
	arm-linux-gcc -Wall -c -O2 -o $@ $<

%.o:%.S
	arm-linux-gcc -Wall -c -O2 -o $@ $<

clean:
	rm -f  nand.dis nand.bin nand_elf *.o

















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