K8s:二进制部署高可用K8s集群

K8s二进制高可用部署

说在前面

本章相关代码及笔记地址:飞机票🚀

🌍Github:🚀Java超神之路:【🍔Java全生态技术学习笔记,一起超神吧🍔】

🪐CSDN:🚀Java超神之路:【🍔Java全生态技术学习笔记,一起超神吧🍔】

前言

本文所有涉及软件包等文件均在如下网盘,当然,你也可以根据文中给出链接自行逐个下载

链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1c4OjB9HsSb9hRupFHsgCyw 
提取码:6awp 

目录

一. 部署准备

1.1 部署Kubernetes集群的两种方式

目前生产部署Kubernetes集群主要有两种方式:

Kubeadm

Kubeadm是K8S官方的部署工具,提供kubeadm initkubeadm join,用户快速构建Kubernetes集群及加入Node节点

二进制部署

从github下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署每个组件,组成Kubernetes集群。

Kubeadm降低部署门槛,但屏蔽了很多细节,遇到问题很难排查。

如果想更容易可控,推荐使用二进制包部署Kubernetes集群,虽然手动部署麻烦点,期间可以学习很多工作原理,也利于后期维护。

本章也是通过二进制包来进行部署简介的。

其他部署方式

  • monikube(通常大家都是使用minikube对K8S发行的新版本进行测试使用的)
  • kubespray(google官方提供的自动化部署工具)
  • rancher、kubesphere(全自动部署工具)

1.2 版本

软件版本
Docker20.10.2
Kubernetes1.20.4
Etcd3.4.9
Nginx1.16.0-1

1.3 高可用集群节点规划

主机名角色IP包含组件
yf-k8s-160005Master110.0.160.5kube-apiserver
kube-controller-manager
kube-scheduler
etcd
docker
yf-k8s-160008Master210.0.160.8kube-apiserver
kube-controller-manager
kube-scheduler
docker
yf-k8s-160006Work Node110.0.160.6kubelet
kube-proxy
docker
etcd
yf-k8s-160007Work Node210.0.160.7kubelet
kube-proxy
docker
etcd
yf-k8s-160111LB(Master)10.0.160.111
10.0.160.60(VIP)
Nginx
keepalived
yf-k8s-160112LB(BackUp)10.0.160.112
10.0.160.60(VIP)
Nginx
keepalived

image-20210429105431413

由于机器数量有限,这里我们复用了Master1、Node1、Node2来部署ETCD集群来存储K8S相关信息,当然你也可以不将ETCD集群部署在K8S集群节点当中,采用外挂的方式。

使用了独立的两台机器部署Nginx为Master节点做负载均衡,并使用Keepalived生成VIP来对Nginx主备节点进行负载均衡的高可用处理

1.4 系统初始化(包含Docker安装)

对于全新的机器我们需要对系统进行一系列的初始化配置操作

关闭dash

#执行
dpkg-reconfigure dash
#选择No

更改用户shell

#使用root权限将所自己创建的用户的 /bin/sh 改为 /bin/bash
vim /etc/passwd

#修改前
web:x:1001:1001::/home/web:/bin/sh
#修改后
web:x:1001:1001::/home/web:/bin/bash

bashrc配置(备注:web为所创建的用户名,执行时需要修改成对应的)

cp ~/.bashrc /home/web/
chown web:web /home/web/.bashrc
source /home/web/.bashrc

更改软件源为阿里云

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_bak
#查看/etc/apt/sources.list中的URL是archive.ubuntu还是cn.archive.ubuntu 
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
#archive.ubuntu执行命令如下
sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
#cn.archive.ubuntu执行命令如下
sudo sed -i 's/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

#更新
apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y

更新时区

#执行
tzselect
#依次选择 4 9 1 1(yes)
#然后执行
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

设置hostname

hostnamectl set-hostname yf-k8s-160005

设置HOSTS

vim /etc/hosts
10.0.160.5 yf-k8s-160005
10.0.160.6 yf-k8s-160006
10.0.160.7 yf-k8s-160007

配置DNS

systemctl stop systemd-resolved
systemctl disable systemd-resolved

cat>/etc/resolv.conf<<EOF
nameserver 10.0.22.14
nameserver 10.0.12.8
nameserver 10.0.34.14
nameserver 114.114.114.114
EOF

安装必要软件(含Docker)

apt install -y lrzsz iotop bzip2 python htop iftop dos2unix supervisor lsof autojump openjdk-8-jdk python-pip  libjsoncpp-dev jq unzip python-pip docker.io

Docker配置

useradd -m web
passwd web
cmbjxccwtn19
cmbjxccwtn19
usermod -aG docker web
mkdir -p /data/docker/data
cat>/etc/docker/daemon.json<<EOF
{
        "registry-mirrors":[
                "https://registry.docker-cn.com/",
                "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com/"
        ],
        "log-driver":"json-file",
        "log-opts": {
                "max-size":"1024m",
                "max-file":"7"
        },
        "data-root": "/data/docker/data"
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable docker

基本文件权限设置

chmod 1777 /data
chmod 1777 /ssd
chmod 1777 /usr/local/lib/python*/dist-packages
mkdir -p /data/apollo/config
chmod 1777 /data/apollo/config
mkdir -p /opt/settings/
echo 'idc=yf' > /opt/settings/server.properties

limits设置

vim /etc/security/limits.conf
#添加如下内容
* soft nofile 1024000
* hard nofile 1024000
# 有时候 * 会没用,需要指定用户如:
root soft nofile 1024000
root hard nofile 1024000

docker其他

#docker仓库的hosts
echo '10.0.193.39 docker-hub.kuwo.cn' >> /etc/hosts

#设置定时登录
sudo select-editor #选择编辑器  选择2
crontab -e
#添加如下内容
0 */1 * * * /usr/bin/docker login -u deployment -p deploy@kuwo docker-hub.kuwo.cn >> /tmp/dockerLogin.log 2>&1
#查看定时任务
crontab -l

#登录docker仓库
docker login -u deployment -p deploy@kuwo docker-hub.kuwo.cn

关闭幽灵补丁

vim /etc/default/grub

#在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX变量中添加
noibrs noibpb nopti nospectre_v2 nospectre_v1 l1tf=off nospec_store_bypass_disable no_stf_barrier mds=off tsx=on tsx_async_abort=off mitigations=off

# 更新配置文件 开机启动 配置文件(只针对ubuntu)
grub-mkconfig
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

以下是K8s必须的配置

关闭Swap

# 如果开启了 swap 分区,kubelet 会启动失败(可以通过将参数 --fail-swap-on 设置为false 来忽略 swap on),故需要在每台机器上关闭 swap 分区:
sudo swapoff -a
#为了防止开机自动挂载 swap 分区,可以注释 /etc/fstab 中相应的条目:
sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

#测试   可以看到最后一行是0 0 0,则表示当前没有开启。
root@yf-k8s-160005:/etc/selinux# sudo free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:         128555        1298      124561           6        2695      126280
Swap:             0           0           0

将桥接的Ipv4流量传递到iptables的链

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

#生效
sysctl --system

二. Etcd集群部署

2.1 介绍 & 节点规划

Etcd是一个分布式键值存储数据库,K8s官方默认使用的是Etcd来进行数据存储的,所以构建K8s集群第一步就是准备Etcd数据库。

为了预防Etcd单点故障导致K8s集群崩溃的问题,前面1.3 高可用集群节点规划那个章节已经提到使用3台节点组建集群,可容忍1台机器故障。

并且为了节省机器,Etcd的集群部署我复用了K8s集群中的节点Master1、Node1、Node2,当然也可以独立于K8s集群之外去部署,只要apiServer能够连接到即可。

节点名称(非机器主机名)IP所在机器主机名
etcd-110.0.160.5yf-k8s-160005
etcd-210.0.160.6yf-k8s-160006
etcd-310.0.160.7yf-k8s-160007

2.2 准备cfssl证书生成工具

cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具,使用json文件生成证书,相比openssl更方便使用。
找任意一台服务器操作,这里我是使用的Master1节点作为签发证书的节点

#仅在Master1操作
#下载工具  下载不下来就手动下载上传服务器
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 --no-check-certificate
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64  --no-check-certificate
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64  --no-check-certificate

#授权
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64

#移动
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

2.3 为Etcd生成证书

2.3.1 生成自签证书颁发机构(CA)

创建证书工作目录

# 在Master1创建证书工作目录
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd ~/TLS/etcd

创建CA文件

#在Master1的~/TLS/etcd目录下创建
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
#在Master1的~/TLS/etcd目录下创建
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

ca-config.json文件中的:“expiry”: "87600h"代表生成证书有效期为10年。10年即可,别设置太小,到时候证书到期导致K8s机器无法通信而崩溃

kubeadm部署的话默认有效期为1年,到期只能升级或续期,非常麻烦,或者去修改他的源码重新编译从而解决

生成CA证书

上面我们创建了自签CA文件后就可以通过cfssl工具根据ca-config.json ca-csr.json两个文构建一个颁发证书的CA机构在/root/TLS/etcd/目录下

#在Master1执行
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

image-20210420165759295

执行完成之后在当前目录下就会多出两个文件:ca-key.pem(CA数字证书)和ca.pem(CA私钥) 就是通过这两个CA自签机构文件去为Etcd颁发证书的。

2.3.2 使用自签CA为Etcd签发证书

创建Etcd证书申请文件

# 在Master1节点操作
cd /root/TLS/etcd
#创建如下Etcd证书申请文件
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "10.0.160.5",
    "10.0.160.6",
    "10.0.160.7",
    "10.0.160.8",
    "10.0.160.9",
    "10.0.160.60"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Etcd节点的集群内部通信IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。

为Etcd生成证书

我们就可以通过cfssl工具根据server-csr.json文件向CA机构去请求证书

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

image-20210420170131480

2.4 下载Etcd二进制文件

etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz 下载链接

2.5 部署Etcd集群

以下在Master1上操作,为简化操作,待会将Master1生成的所有Etcd文件拷贝到Node1和Node2。

2.5.1 上传、解压、创建Etcd工作目录

# 在Master1操作
rz -be
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

#工作目录
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
#移动至工作目录
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

2.5.2 创建Etcd配置文件

# 在Master1操作
# 注意:这里的主机地址需要根据所在节点IP配置
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.160.5:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.160.5:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.160.5:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.160.5:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://10.0.160.5:2380,etcd-2=https://10.0.160.6:2380,etcd-3=https://10.0.160.7:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

配置解读

ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一(需要变更)
ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:ETCD监听的集群IP端口,集群间通讯用(需要变更,根据所在机器IP修改)
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址(需要变更,根据所在机器IP修改)
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址(需要变更,根据所在机器IP修改)
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址(需要变更,根据所在机器IP修改)
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群所有节点的地址(需要变更)
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群token,节点在集群内的安全认证
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:集群状态 如果对于已存在集群加入的节点可以改成exsiting

2.5.3 systemd管理Etcd

# 在Master1操作
cat >  /lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

此配置只需要注意Etcd的证书地址路径是否正确即可。当然我们这里还没有将Etcd的证书拷贝到他的工作目录,下一步会去拷贝

2.5.4 拷贝Etcd证书到其工作目录

# 在Master1操作
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

2.5.5 将Master1的Etcd工作目录发送到Node1、Node2节点

# 在Master1操作
# 拷贝到Node1
scp -r /opt/etcd root@10.0.160.6:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@10.0.160.6:/lib/systemd/system/

# 拷贝到Node2
scp -r /opt/etcd root@10.0.160.7:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@10.0.160.7:/lib/systemd/system/

2.5.6 修改Node1、Node2节点的Etcd配置文件

# 修改Node1节点的etcd.conf文件
# 修改ETCD_NAME以及其它配置项里面涉及到的机器ip

#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.160.6:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.160.6:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.160.6:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.160.6:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://10.0.160.5:2380,etcd-2=https://10.0.160.6:2380,etcd-3=https://10.0.160.7:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
# 修改Node2节点的etcd.conf文件
# 修改ETCD_NAME以及其它配置项里面涉及到的机器ip

#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.160.7:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.160.7:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.160.7:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.160.7:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://10.0.160.5:2380,etcd-2=https://10.0.160.6:2380,etcd-3=https://10.0.160.7:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

2.5.7 启动Etcd集群 & 查看状态 & 查询日志

启动

#分别在Master1、Node1、Node2节点去启动Etcd
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

#查看启动状态
systemctl status etcd.service

查看Etcd集群状态

#任意Etcd集群中的节点都可以使用如下命令查看
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://10.0.160.5:2379,https://10.0.160.6:2379,https://10.0.160.7:2379" endpoint health

image-20210420173459880

如果输出上面信息,则表明Etcd集群部署成功。如果那个节点有问题可以使用如下命令查看日志:

journalctl -u etcd

查看Etcd集群节点列表

# 查看集群节点列表
ETCDCTL_API=3  /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://10.0.160.5:2379,https://10.0.160.6:2379,https://10.0.160.7:2379"   member list \
--write-out=table

image-20210420173553276

如果集群节点列表中某节点出现问题,可以通过如下命令查看具体报错信息:

systemctl status etcd.service #在报错的节点通过该命令查看该节点etcd状态

journalctl -u etcdjournalctl -xe #在报错的节点通过该命令可以查看日志

三. 部署Master节点

说一说

我们前面完成了需多基础部署和配置,接下来进入真正的K8s部署环节。

通过1.3章节我们发现是需要部署两个Master节点,即Master1和Master2,但是这里我只部署一个Master1节点。

为什么呢?因为我想先构建一个单Master的K8s集群,然后最后通过扩容Master节点去组建一个高可用的多Master的K8s集群。

这样我们不仅可以学习到如何部署K8s高可用集群,也可以学习到如果对K8s集群节点进行扩容。

3.1 生成kube-apisever证书

3.1.1 生成自签证书颁发机构(CA)

创建CA文件

#注意:在Master1节点操作
cd ~/TLS/k8s/
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
#注意:在Master1节点操作
cd ~/TLS/k8s/
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

生成CA证书

上面我们创建了自签CA文件后就可以通过cfssl工具根据ca-config.json ca-csr.json两个文构建一个颁发证书的CA机构在/root/TLS/k8s/目录下

#在Master1执行
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

image-20210420173930109

执行完成之后在当前目录下就会多出两个文件:ca-key.pem(CA数字证书)和ca.pem(CA私钥) 就是通过这两个CA自签机构文件去为k8s的apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler颁发证书的。

3.1.2 使用自签CA为kube-apiserver签发证书

#注意:在Master1节点操作
cd ~/TLS/k8s/
# 创建证书申请文件
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "10.0.160.5",
      "10.0.160.6",
      "10.0.160.7",
      "10.0.160.8",
      "10.0.160.9",
      "10.0.160.60",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

注:上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master1、Master2、Node1、Node2、VIP的IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。

10.0.160.60是VIP

生成证书

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

image-20210420174226275

3.2 部署kube-apisever

3.2.1 从Github下载二进制文件

kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 下载链接

3.2.2 上传、解压、创建工作目录

#注意:在Master1节点操作
#将二进制包上传并解压
rz -be
tar -zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

#为k8s创建工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

#进入解压后的目录/root/kubernetes/server/bin 将apiserver、scheduler、controller-manager文件移动
cd /root/kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

3.2.3 创建kube-apiserver配置文件

#注意:在Master1节点执行
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://10.0.160.5:2379,https://10.0.160.6:2379,https://10.0.160.7:2379 \\
--bind-address=10.0.160.5 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=10.0.160.5 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--service-account-issuer=api \\
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF

参数说明

– logtostderr:启用日志
— v:日志级别 0-8 从小到大越来越详细 一般为2
– log-dir:日志目录
– etcd-servers:etcd集群地址(需要修改
– bind-address:apiserver监听的ip地址,一般是当前机器的内网ip(需要修改
– secure-port:https安全端口
– advertise-address:集群通告地址,一般与bind-address保持一致,其他node通过这个ip连接你的apiserver(需要修改
– allow-privileged:启用授权
– service-cluster-ip-range:Service虚拟IP地址段
– enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块
– authorization-mode:认证授权,启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
– enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用TLS bootstrap机制
– token-auth-file:bootstrap token文件 下面4.2.5章节会创建
– service-node-port-range:Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
– kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
– tls-xxx-file:apiserver https证书
– etcd-xxxfile:连接Etcd集群证书
– audit-log-xxx:审计日志

3.2.4 将生成的apiserver证书拷贝到其工作目录下

cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

四个缺一不可

image-20210420175918732

3.2.5 启动TLS Bootstrapping机制

我们在apiserver.conf配置文件中其实去开启了bootstrapping机制,我们可以看一下

image-20210420175956406

启用TLS Bootstrapping这个机制,是为了当机器越来越多时,手动为kubelet颁发证书比较麻烦,所以引用这个机制去自动颁发证书

如上图引入了token.csv文件,这个文件中就会配置一个账号,这个账号的格式是:token,用户,uid,用户组

创建token.csv

#注意:在master1节点执行
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
e9eefb2b458c373f779665de3099a7bd,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF

格式:token,用户名,UID,用户组

当然token我们也可以自己生成去替换:head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

主要用于让node拿着这个token过来,然后就会使用kubelet-bootstrap这个账号权限去自动颁发证书

3.2.6 systemd管理kube-apiserver

#注意:在Master1节点操作
cat > /lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3.2.7 启动

#注意:在Master1节点操作
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

可以通过:systemctl status kube-apiserver.service 查看是否启动成功

apiserver的配置文件中配置的地址:tail /opt/kubernetes/logs/kube-apiserver.INFO -f

3.3 部署kube-controller-manager

3.3.1 创建controller-manager配置文件

#注意:在Master1节点操作
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF

参数说明

–master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。

–leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)

–cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file:自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA,与apiserver
保持一致

–cluster-cidr:集群pod的ip段,要与cni插件的ip段相同

–service-cluster-ip-range:service的虚拟ip就是从这个10.0.0.0/24段中分配的 和apiserver中配置的要相同

3.3.2 生成kube-controller-manager证书

#在Master1执行
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s

# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing", 
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

3.3.3 生成kubeconfig文件(以下是shell命令,直接在终端执行)

#在Master1执行
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.160.5:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-controller-manager \
  --client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-controller-manager \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

3.3.4 systemd管理kube-controller-manager

#注意:在Master1节点操作
cat > /lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3.3.5 启动

#注意:在Master1节点操作
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

查看启动状态: systemctl status kube-controller-manager.service
日志: tail /opt/kubernetes/logs/kube-controller-manager.INFO -f

3.4 部署kube-scheduler

3.4.1 创建kube-scheduler配置文件

#注意:在Master1节点操作
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF

参数说明

–master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
–leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)

3.4.2 生成kubeconfig文件

生成kube-scheduler证书

#在Master1执行
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s

# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler

生成kubeconfig文件(以下是shell命令,直接在终端执行)

#在Master1执行
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.160.5:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-scheduler \
  --client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-scheduler \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

3.4.3 systemd管理kube-scheduler

#注意:在Master1节点操作
cat > /lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3.4.3 启动

#注意:在Master1节点操作
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler

查看启动状态: systemctl status kube-scheduler.service
日志: tail /opt/kubernetes/logs/kube-scheduler.INFO -f

3.5 查看当前K8s集群组件状态

3.5.1 生成kubectl连接集群的证书

#在Master1执行
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

3.5.2 生成kubeconfig文件

#在Master1执行
mkdir /root/.kube

KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.160.5:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
  --client-certificate=./admin.pem \
  --client-key=./admin-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=cluster-admin \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

3.5.3 通过Kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态

现在我们已经可以通过kubectl工具去查看当前K8s集群组件的状态了:

#注意:在Master1节点操作
root@yf-k8s-160005:~# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

如果发现有哪个组件健康异常,请返回该组件的部署章节查看问题

3.5.4 授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书

那虽然我们现在已经在 token.csv 中设置了token和用户组等信息,但是没有进行权限授权,我们需要给kubelet-bootstrap授权
概述:将kubelet-bootstrap用户绑定到 system:node-bootstrapper 组中

# 在master1节点进行授权
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

undefined

四. 部署Work Node节点

4.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件

#在Node1节点创建工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
#在Master1节点 将kube-proxy和kubelet发送到Node1节点
cd /root/kubernetes/server/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy 10.0.160.6:/opt/kubernetes/bin

4.2 部署kubelet

4.2.1 创建kubelete配置文件

#在Node1节点创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=yf-k8s-160006 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF

参数说明

–hostname-override:显示名称,集群中唯一(需根据当前节点修改
–network-plugin:启用CNI
–kubeconfig:kubelet初次加入集群引导kubeconfig文件
–bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次启动向apiserver申请证书,现在还没有创建该文件,下一步4.23会进行创建
–config:配置参数文件 ,下一步4.22会进行创建
–cert-dir:kubelet证书生成目录
–pod-infra-container-image:管理Pod网络容器的镜像

4.2.2 创建配置文件的参数文件

#在Node1节点创建配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local 
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
#上述配置中还需要ca.pem证书:clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
#所以我们得从Master1节点发送到Node1
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 10.0.160.6:/opt/kubernetes/ssl

4.2.3 生成kubelet初次加入集群引导.kubeconfig文件

#在Master1节点设置变量
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.160.5:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与 /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv里保持一致
#在Master1执行
# 生成 bootstrap.kubeconfig 配置文件
cd /opt/kubernetes/cfg

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --token=${TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

通过上面的命令我们会在/opt/kubernetes/cfg目录下生成bootstrap.kubeconfig配置文件,现在需要将该文件发送到Node1,因为该配置文件是4.2.1步骤kubelet.conf这个配置文件需要加载的。

#在Master1节点操作
scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig 10.0.160.6:/opt/kubernetes/cfg

4.2.4 system管理kubelet

#在Node1
cat > /lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4.2.5 启动kubelet

#在Node1
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

查看启动状态:systemctl status kubelet.service
查看日志:tail /opt/kubernetes/logs/kubelet.INFO -f

4.2.6 批准kubelet证书的申请并加入集群

#在Master1节点先查询kubelet证书请求
root@yf-k8s-160005:/opt/kubernetes/cfg# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE   SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-SCqccQZbTjDgFsAnL3fjJEZBd0bMbPHkTJrltpAOZ8g   22s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

可以看出我们Node节点的kubelet证书申请已经可以查询到了,那么我们现在就来审批

#在Master1节点审批
#批准申请  注意:此命令不要直接复制执行,将后面的node-csr-*  替换为kubectl get csr得到的name值
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-SCqccQZbTjDgFsAnL3fjJEZBd0bMbPHkTJrltpAOZ8g

再次查看这条申请记录可以发现状态从pending变为批准、发布

image-20210420190523102

现在我们查看整个K8s集群的节点状态

#在Master1节点查看
# 查看节点
kubectl get node
NAME         STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
yf-k8s-160006   NotReady   <none>   7s    v1.20.4

#注:由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady

4.3 部署kube-proxy

4.3.1 创建kube-proxy配置文件

#在Node1节点创建
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

4.3.2 创建配置参数文件

#在Node1节点创建如下文件 hostnameOverride: 修改成对应主机名
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: yf-k8s-160006
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF

如上文件中还需要加载kube-proxy.kubeconfig,我们下一步去创建

4.3.3 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

创建kube-proxy证书请求文件

# 在Master1节点操作
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

生成kube-proxy证书

# 在Master1节点操作
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

# 查看证书
root@yf-k8s-160005:~/TLS/k8s# ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem

生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

# 在Master1节点操作
#设置变量
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.160.5:6443" #Master apiserver地址


#在Master1节点生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig
cd /root/TLS/k8s

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

通过上面的命令我们会在/root/TLS/k8s目录下生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig配置文件,现在需要将该文件发送到Node1节点,因为该配置文件是4.3.2步骤kube-proxy-config.yml这个配置文件需要加载的。

#在Master1节点操作
scp /root/TLS/k8s/kube-proxy.kubeconfig 10.0.160.6:/opt/kubernetes/cfg

4.3.4 system管理kube-proxy

# 在Node1节点操作
cat > /lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4.3.5 启动

# 在Node1节点操作
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

查看启动状态:systemctl status kubelet.service
查看日志:tail /opt/kubernetes/logs/kube-proxy.INFO -f

五. 部署CNI网络(Calico)

5.1 下载Calico资源清单

因为文件内容太多,就不直接贴代码了,直接从我的百度云下载,然后上传到Master1节点即可。

链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1NVlH5HgQIBIFZBEqjZ-h4A 
提取码:52gt

5.2 应用并查看

#在Master1节点应用calico资源清单
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

#查看启动情况
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-node-b4qf5              1/1     Running   0          98s

等Calico Pod都Running,节点也会准备就绪

kubectl get node
NAME            STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
yf-k8s-160006   Ready    <none>   37m   v1.20.4

5.3 授权apiserver访问kubelet

应用场景:例如kubectl logs

#在Master1节点
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes
EOF


#应用
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

六. 部署集群内部DNS(CoreDNS)

CoreDNS用于集群内部Service名称解析。

6.1 创建coredns资源清单(不用改动)

#在Master1操作
vim coredns.yaml

#内容如下
# Warning: This is a file generated from the base underscore template file: coredns.yaml.base

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - endpoints
  - services
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        log
        errors
        health {
            lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
            pods insecure
            fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
            ttl 30
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. In order to make Addon Manager do not reconcile this replicas parameter.
  # 2. Default is 1.
  # 3. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: lizhenliang/coredns:1.6.7
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 512Mi 
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8181
            scheme: HTTP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.0.0.2 
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP

6.2 应用及测试

kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml 
 
kubectl get pods -n kube-system  
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE 
coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb      1/1     Running   0          32s

DNS解析测试

kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh 
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter. 
 
/ # nslookup kubernetes 
Server:    10.0.0.2 
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local 
 
Name:      kubernetes 
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

解析没问题。

七. 扩容Work Node节点

扩容之前该新节点应该完成本文档1.4系统初始化(包含Docker安装)的操作。

7.1 拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到扩容节点

在Node1节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到扩容节点Node2:10.0.160.7

#在Node1节点操作
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@10.0.160.7:/opt/

scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@10.0.160.7:/usr/lib/systemd/system

scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@10.0.160.7:/opt/kubernetes/ssl

7.2 删除扩容节点上的kubelet证书及kubeconfig文件

#在Node2节点操作
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个Node不同,必须删除

7.3 修改扩容节点配置文件

修改kubelet.conf

#在Node2节点操作 
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf

#修改kubelet.conf文件中的主机名为当前节点主机名
--hostname-override=yf-k8s-160007

修改kube-proxy-config.yml

#在Node2节点操作 
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml

#修改kube-proxy-config.yml文件中的主机名为当前节点主机名
hostnameOverride: yf-k8s-160007

7.4 启动扩容节点kube-proxy

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy

7.5 在Master节点批准扩容节点的kubelet证书申请

# 查看证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME           AGE   SIGNERNAME                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro   89s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

# 授权请求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro

7.6 查看扩容Node状态

kubectl get node
NAME            STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
yf-k8s-160006   Ready    <none>   47m     v1.20.4
yf-k8s-160007    Ready    <none>   6m49s   v1.20.4

八. 扩容Master(实现高可用架构)

扩容之前该新节点应该完成本文档1.4系统初始化(包含Docker安装)的操作。

8.1 部署Master2扩容节点

Master2 与已部署的Master1所有操作一致。所以我们只需将Master1所有K8s文件拷贝过来,再修改下服务器IP和主机名启动即可。

8.1.1 创建Etcd证书目录

#在Master2扩容节点创建etcd证书目录
mkdir -p /opt/etcd/ssl

8.1.2 拷贝已部署好的Master节点相关文件到扩容节点

#拷贝Master1上所有K8s文件和etcd证书到Master2:
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@10.0.160.8:/opt
scp -r /opt/etcd/ssl root@10.0.160.8:/opt/etcd
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube* root@10.0.160.8:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /usr/bin/kubectl  root@10.0.160.8:/usr/bin
scp -r ~/.kube root@10.0.160.8:~

8…1.3 删除证书文件

删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件

#在Master2操作
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

8.1.4 修改配置文件IP和主机名

修改apiserver、kubelet和kube-proxy配置文件为本地IP

#在Master2节点操作
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf 
...
--bind-address=10.0.160.8 \
--advertise-address=10.0.160.8 \
...

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
server: https://10.0.160.8:6443

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
server: https://10.0.160.8:6443

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=yf-k8s-160008

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: yf-k8s-160008

vi ~/.kube/config
...
server: https://10.0.160.8:6443

8.1.5 启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy

8.1.6 查看集群状态

#在Master2节点操作
kubectl get cs
NAME                   STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler              Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager     Healthy   ok                  
etcd-1                 Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-2                 Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0                 Healthy   {"health":"true"}

8.2 部署Nginx + Keepalived高可用负载均衡器

8.2.1 安装软件包

#在lb主备两个节点操作
yum install epel-release -y
yum install nginx keepalived -y

8.2.2 Nginx配置文件

#在lb主备两个节点的Nginx配置文件相同,都是如下配置
cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << "EOF"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

# 四层负载均衡,为两台Master apiserver组件提供负载均衡
stream {

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log  main;

    upstream k8s-apiserver {
       server 10.0.160.5:6443;   # Master1 APISERVER IP:PORT
       server 10.0.160.8:6443;   # Master2 APISERVER IP:PORT
    }
    
    server {
       listen 16443; # 如果你的nginx与master节点复用,这个监听端口不能是6443,否则会冲突
       proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
    }
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        server_name  _;

        location / {
        }
    }
}
EOF

8.2.3 Keepalived配置文件(LB主节点)

#在lb主节点修改keepalived配置文件
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs { 
   notification_email { 
     acassen@firewall.loc 
     failover@firewall.loc 
     sysadmin@firewall.loc 
   } 
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc  
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1 
   smtp_connect_timeout 30 
   router_id NGINX_MASTER
} 

vrrp_script check_nginx {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
    state MASTER 
    interface eno2  # 修改为实际网卡名
    virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例,每个实例是唯一的 
    priority 100    # 优先级,备服务器设置 90 
    advert_int 1    # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告间隔时间,默认1秒 
    authentication { 
        auth_type PASS      
        auth_pass 1111 
    }  
    # 虚拟IP
    virtual_ipaddress { 
        10.0.160.60/24
    } 
    track_script {
        check_nginx
    } 
}
EOF

• vrrp_script:指定检查nginx工作状态脚本(根据nginx状态判断是否故障转移)

• virtual_ipaddress:虚拟IP(VIP)

创建上述配置文件中检查Nginx运行状态的脚本

#在lb主节点
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh  << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")

if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi
EOF

#授权
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

8.2.4 Keepalived配置文件(LB备节点)

#在lb备节点操作
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs { 
   notification_email { 
     acassen@firewall.loc 
     failover@firewall.loc 
     sysadmin@firewall.loc 
   } 
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc  
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1 
   smtp_connect_timeout 30 
   router_id NGINX_BACKUP
} 

vrrp_script check_nginx {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
    state BACKUP 
    interface eno2
    virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例,每个实例是唯一的 
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication { 
        auth_type PASS      
        auth_pass 1111 
    }  
    virtual_ipaddress { 
        10.0.160.60/24
    } 
    track_script {
        check_nginx
    } 
}
EOF

创建上述配置文件中检查Nginx允许状态的脚本

#在lb备节点
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh  << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")

if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi
EOF


#授权
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

注:keepalived根据脚本返回状态码(0为工作正常,非0不正常)判断是否故障转移。

8.2.5 启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx keepalived
systemctl enable nginx keepalived

8.2.6 查看keepalived工作状态

在LB Master节点通过ip a命令查看eno2网卡是否绑定了10.0.160.60虚拟IP。

8.2.7 Nginx+Keepalived高可用测试

关闭LB Master节点的Nginx,测试VIP是否会漂移到LB Backup节点上

8.2.8 通过VIP访问K8s集群测试

curl -k https://10.0.160.60:16443/version
{
  "major": "1",
  "minor": "20",
  "gitVersion": "v1.20.4",
  "gitCommit": "e87da0bd6e03ec3fea7933c4b5263d151aafd07c",
  "gitTreeState": "clean",
  "buildDate": "2021-02-18T16:03:00Z",
  "goVersion": "go1.15.8",
  "compiler": "gc",
  "platform": "linux/amd64"
}

可以正确获取到K8s版本信息,说明负载均衡器搭建正常。该请求数据流程:curl -> vip(nginx) -> apiserver

通过查看Nginx日志也可以看到转发apiserver IP:

tail /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log -f

8.3 修改所有Node节点连接VIP(重要)

试想下,虽然我们增加了Master2 Node和负载均衡器,但是我们是从单Master架构扩容的,也就是说目前所有的Worker Node组件连接都还是Master1 Node,如果不改为连接VIP走负载均衡器,那么Master还是单点故障。

因此接下来就是要改所有Worker Node(kubectl get node命令查看到的节点)组件配置文件,由原来10.0.160.5修改为10.0.160.60(VIP)

在所有Worker Node执行

#建议批量修改完成之后再一个个检查一下
sed -i 's#10.0.160.5:6443#10.0.160.60:16443#' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/*
#重启
systemctl restart kubelet kube-proxy

查看节点状态

kubectl get node 
NAME            STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION 
yf-k8s-160006    Ready    <none>   31d   v1.20.4 
yf-k8s-160007    Ready    <none>   31d   v1.20.4

多说一嘴

本章相关代码及笔记地址:飞机票🚀

🌍Github:🚀Java超神之路:【🍔Java全生态技术学习笔记,一起超神吧🍔】
🪐CSDN:🚀Java超神之路:【🍔Java全生态技术学习笔记,一起超神吧🍔】

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