Android 基础-阅读Looper代码

查看一下Looper的源码

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public final class Looper {
    /*
     * API Implementation Note:
     *
     * This class contains the code required to set up and manage an event loop
     * based on MessageQueue.  APIs that affect the state of the queue should be
     * defined on MessageQueue or Handler rather than on Looper itself.  For example,
     * idle handlers and sync barriers are defined on the queue whereas preparing the
     * thread, looping, and quitting are defined on the looper.
     */

    private static final String TAG = "Looper";

    // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    private static Looper sMainLooper;  // guarded by Looper.class
    private static Observer sObserver;

    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    final MessageQueue mQueue;
    final Thread mThread;

    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    private Printer mLogging;
    private long mTraceTag;

    /**
     * If set, the looper will show a warning log if a message dispatch takes longer than this.
     */
    private long mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;

    /**
     * If set, the looper will show a warning log if a message delivery (actual delivery time -
     * post time) takes longer than this.
     */
    private long mSlowDeliveryThresholdMs;

    /** Initialize the current thread as a looper.
      * This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference
      * this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call
      * {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling
      * {@link #quit()}.
      */
    public static void prepare() {
        prepare(true);
    }

    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));//创建一个Looper对象,放入ThreadLocal中
    }
    
    /*
     * prepare(false)是对Looper进行初始化, 初始化之后调用将Looper对象赋值给sMainLooper. 
     * 所以我们只需要看prepare函数:
     **/
    public static void prepareMainLooper() {
        prepare(false); //进行初始化
        synchronized (Looper.class) {
            if (sMainLooper != null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
            }
            sMainLooper = myLooper(); //赋值
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the application's main looper, which lives in the main thread of the application.
     */
    public static Looper getMainLooper() {
        synchronized (Looper.class) {
            return sMainLooper;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set the transaction observer for all Loopers in this process.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public static void setObserver(@Nullable Observer observer) {
        sObserver = observer;
    }

    /**
     * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
     * {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
     */
    public static void loop() {
        final Looper me = myLooper();
        if (me == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
        }
        final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;

        // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
        // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

        // Allow overriding a threshold with a system prop. e.g.
        // adb shell 'setprop log.looper.1000.main.slow 1 && stop && start'
        final int thresholdOverride =
                SystemProperties.getInt("log.looper."
                        + Process.myUid() + "."
                        + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                        + ".slow", 0);

        boolean slowDeliveryDetected = false;

        for (;;) {
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg == null) {
                // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
                return;
            }

            // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
            final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                        msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
            }
            // Make sure the observer won't change while processing a transaction.
            final Observer observer = sObserver;

            final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
            long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
            long slowDeliveryThresholdMs = me.mSlowDeliveryThresholdMs;
            if (thresholdOverride > 0) {
                slowDispatchThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
                slowDeliveryThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
            }
            final boolean logSlowDelivery = (slowDeliveryThresholdMs > 0) && (msg.when > 0);
            final boolean logSlowDispatch = (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0);

            final boolean needStartTime = logSlowDelivery || logSlowDispatch;
            final boolean needEndTime = logSlowDispatch;

            if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
                Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
            }

            final long dispatchStart = needStartTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
            final long dispatchEnd;
            Object token = null;
            if (observer != null) {
                token = observer.messageDispatchStarting();
            }
            long origWorkSource = ThreadLocalWorkSource.setUid(msg.workSourceUid);
            try {
                msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
                if (observer != null) {
                    observer.messageDispatched(token, msg);
                }
                dispatchEnd = needEndTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
            } catch (Exception exception) {
                if (observer != null) {
                    observer.dispatchingThrewException(token, msg, exception);
                }
                throw exception;
            } finally {
                ThreadLocalWorkSource.restore(origWorkSource);
                if (traceTag != 0) {
                    Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
                }
            }
            if (logSlowDelivery) {
                if (slowDeliveryDetected) {
                    if ((dispatchStart - msg.when) <= 10) {
                        Slog.w(TAG, "Drained");
                        slowDeliveryDetected = false;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (showSlowLog(slowDeliveryThresholdMs, msg.when, dispatchStart, "delivery",
                            msg)) {
                        // Once we write a slow delivery log, suppress until the queue drains.
                        slowDeliveryDetected = true;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (logSlowDispatch) {
                showSlowLog(slowDispatchThresholdMs, dispatchStart, dispatchEnd, "dispatch", msg);
            }

            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
            }

            // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
            // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
            final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            if (ident != newIdent) {
                Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                        + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                        + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
            }

            msg.recycleUnchecked();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the Looper object associated with the current thread.  Returns
     * null if the calling thread is not associated with a Looper.
     */
    public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
        return sThreadLocal.get();
    }

    /**
     * Return the {@link MessageQueue} object associated with the current
     * thread.  This must be called from a thread running a Looper, or a
     * NullPointerException will be thrown.
     */
    public static @NonNull MessageQueue myQueue() {
        return myLooper().mQueue;
    }

    private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
        mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
        mThread = Thread.currentThread();
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the current thread is this looper's thread.
     */
    public boolean isCurrentThread() {
        return Thread.currentThread() == mThread;
    }

    /**
     * Control logging of messages as they are processed by this Looper.  If
     * enabled, a log message will be written to <var>printer</var>
     * at the beginning and ending of each message dispatch, identifying the
     * target Handler and message contents.
     *
     * @param printer A Printer object that will receive log messages, or
     * null to disable message logging.
     */
    public void setMessageLogging(@Nullable Printer printer) {
        mLogging = printer;
    }

    /** {@hide} */
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    public void setTraceTag(long traceTag) {
        mTraceTag = traceTag;
    }

    /**
     * Set a thresholds for slow dispatch/delivery log.
     * {@hide}
     */
    public void setSlowLogThresholdMs(long slowDispatchThresholdMs, long slowDeliveryThresholdMs) {
        mSlowDispatchThresholdMs = slowDispatchThresholdMs;
        mSlowDeliveryThresholdMs = slowDeliveryThresholdMs;
    }

    /**
     * Quits the looper.
     * /
    public void quit() {
        mQueue.quit(false);
    }

    public void quitSafely() {
        mQueue.quit(true);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the Thread associated with this Looper.
     *
     * @return The looper's thread.
     */
    public @NonNull Thread getThread() {
        return mThread;
    }

    /**
     * Gets this looper's message queue.
     *
     * @return The looper's message queue.
     */
    public @NonNull MessageQueue getQueue() {
        return mQueue;
    }
    
    /** {@hide} */
    public interface Observer {
        /**
         * Called right before a message is dispatched.
         *
         * <p> The token type is not specified to allow the implementation to specify its own type.
         *
         * @return a token used for collecting telemetry when dispatching a single message.
         *         The token token must be passed back exactly once to either
         *         {@link Observer#messageDispatched} or {@link Observer#dispatchingThrewException}
         *         and must not be reused again.
         *
         */
        Object messageDispatchStarting();

        /**
         * Called when a message was processed by a Handler.
         *
         * @param token Token obtained by previously calling
         *              {@link Observer#messageDispatchStarting} on the same Observer instance.
         * @param msg The message that was dispatched.
         */
        void messageDispatched(Object token, Message msg);

        /**
         * Called when an exception was thrown while processing a message.
         *
         * @param token Token obtained by previously calling
         *              {@link Observer#messageDispatchStarting} on the same Observer instance.
         * @param msg The message that was dispatched and caused an exception.
         * @param exception The exception that was thrown.
         */
        void dispatchingThrewException(Object token, Message msg, Exception exception);
    }
}
/**
 *1. Looper类用来为一个线程开启一个消息循环。
 *  默认情况下android中新诞生的线程是没有开启消息循环的。（主线程除外，主线程系统会自动为其创建Looper对象，开启消息循环。）
 *  Looper对象通过MessageQueue来存放消息和事件。一个线程只能有一个Looper，对应一个MessageQueue。
 *  （如果对一个已经quit的Looper重新start会出现异常）
 *
 *2. 通常是通过Handler对象来与Looper进行交互的。Handler可看做是Looper的一个接口，用来向指定的Looper发送消息及定义处理方法。
 *   默认情况下Handler会与其被定义时所在线程的Looper绑定，比如，Handler在主线程中定义，那么它是与主线程的Looper绑定。
 *   mainHandler = new Handler() 等价于new Handler（Looper.myLooper()）.
 *   Looper.myLooper()：获取当前进程的looper对象，类似的 Looper.getMainLooper() 用于获取主线程的Looper对象
 *
 *3. 在非主线程中直接new Handler() 会报如下的错误:
 *  E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): Uncaught handler: thread Thread-8 exiting due to uncaught exception
 *  E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()
 *  原因是非主线程中默认没有创建Looper对象，需要先调用Looper.prepare()启用Looper。
 *
 * */

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