上篇简单介绍了下为什么使用Netty,这篇我们将简单的搭个HelloWord。
在Netty使用手册中说了世界上最简单的协议不是”Hello,World!”,是DISCARD,他是一种丢弃了所有接受到的数据,并不做有任何的响应的协议,本文中就不已抛弃协议为蓝本了,我们就简单搭个服务端、客户端。
客户端发送信息、服务端接收处理并返回给客户端结果。
整个demo有四个类:
当然netty的maven依赖也要加入:
<!--netty-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.Alpha2</version>
</dependency>
整个准备情况基本完成。
服务器端代码:
package com.herman.helloWord;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
/**
* @author hsh
* @create 2018-05-08 18:12
**/
public class Service {
public static final int port = 888;
public static final String ip = "localhost";
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("服务端启动...");
//1 初始化两个线程组
//一个是用于处理服务器端接收客户端连接的
//一个是进行网络通信的(网络读写的)
NioEventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
NioEventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
//2 创建辅助工具类 用于服务器通道的一系列配置
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
bootstrap.group(pGroup, cGroup)//绑定两个线程组
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)//设置TCP缓存大小
.option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 32 * 1024)//设置发送缓存大小
.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 32 * 1024)//设置接收缓存大小
.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)//保持连接
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
//3 配置具体业务处理逻辑(可多个)
socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHanler());
}
});
//绑定
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
//等待关闭
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
//释放管道
pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
cGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
服务端中对应的业务逻辑处理ServerHanler代码:
package com.herman.helloWord;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
/**
* @author hsh
* @create 2018-05-08 18:39
**/
public class ServerHanler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
//激活时调用
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("server channel active...");
}
//读取
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
//从内存中获取消息引用地址
ByteBuf byteBuf = (ByteBuf) msg;
//生成内存数组
byte[] req = new byte[byteBuf.readableBytes()];
byteBuf.readBytes(req);//copy数据到内存
String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("Server:" + body);
String response = "服务器返回给客户端:" + body;
//返回给客户端
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.getBytes()));
}
//读取完成
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("服务端读完了");
ctx.flush();
}
//出现异常
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
System.out.println("出现了异常");
throw new RuntimeException("出现了错误:", cause);
}
}
以上服务端搭建完成,定义了两个NioEventLoopGroup 并使用辅助工具ServerBootstrap来初始化了一个服务端,并通过childHandler方法定义了处理业务的ServerHanler 。
在ServerHanler 中继承了ChannelHandlerAdapter 并重写了其中几个主要的方法。
客户端代码:
package com.herman.helloWord;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
/**
* @author hsh
* @create 2018-05-09 9:25
**/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(Service.ip, Service.port).sync();
Thread.sleep(1000);
future.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("777".getBytes()));
future.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("666".getBytes()));
Thread.sleep(2000);
future.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("888".getBytes()));
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
客户端的业务处理类
package com.herman.helloWord;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
/**
* @author hsh
* @create 2018-05-09 9:27
**/
public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("client channel active...");
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
try {
ByteBuf byteBuf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] req = new byte[byteBuf.readableBytes()];
byteBuf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("Client :" + body );
String response="收到服务端返回的信息:"+body;
}finally {
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
}
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("客户端读完了");
ctx.flush();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
throw new RuntimeException("客户端出现了异常:", cause);
}
}
客户端的代码基本与服务端一致,主要区别是服务端初始化时指定的是NioServerSocketChannel,客户端是NioSocketChannel。服务端辅助类是调用bind、客户端是connect。
业务逻辑是客户端向服务端发送三次数据,服务端接收之后会返回给客户端相应,客户端输出服务器返回的数据。
启动先启动服务端,再启动客户端,运行效果如下:
服务端:
客户端: