注:我看的内核是三星官方提供的2.6.35版本的内核
注:我的博客都是我在学习时候为了增强我对一些内容的印象而写的,不喜勿喷
一、驱动框架基础
1.框架,框架首先要有框架的思想,也就是要明白我们自己要写哪一部分的代码,哪一部分代码是别人帮我们写好的(我们直接用就行)。
2.首先要明白写一个驱动,需要两波人的参与。
(1)内核维护者提供的框架相同的部分。
(2)驱动开发工程师根据不同的硬件,使用内核维护者提供的框架部分的接口来开发硬件的驱动。
二、内核维护者提供的LED驱动部分的文件
1.led-core.c和led-class.c,两个文件就是内核维护者提供的。主要的内容在led-class.c里面,所以接下来我们分析led-class.c文件。
2.看驱动部分的代码依旧按照从下往上的顺序看。
(1)led框架的初始化代码
static int __init leds_init(void)
{
//在/sys/class/目录下创建leds目录
leds_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "leds");
if (IS_ERR(leds_class))
return PTR_ERR(leds_class);
leds_class->suspend = led_suspend;
leds_class->resume = led_resume;
//指定leds类下属性方法。
leds_class->dev_attrs = led_class_attrs;
return 0;
}
1)在我们cat查看brightness文件的时候则会调用led_brightness_show方法来显示,在echo xxx > brightness文件的时候则会调用led_brightness_store方法来存储。
2)max_brightness也是一样,但是它只有cat方法,没有echo的方法
static struct device_attribute led_class_attrs[] = {
__ATTR(brightness, 0644, led_brightness_show, led_brightness_store),
__ATTR(max_brightness, 0444, led_max_brightness_show, NULL),
#ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS
__ATTR(trigger, 0644, led_trigger_show, led_trigger_store),
#endif
__ATTR_NULL,
};
如果你在内核中添加了led驱动框架,在内核启动的时候就会在/sys/class/下自动创建leds目录。添加方法自己去搞懂menuconfig和Kconfig的关系。
(2)接下来我们看内核维护者提供的led的注册接口,如果我们要写led的驱动,要完成led的注册直接调用这个函数就行。
int led_classdev_register(struct device *parent, struct led_classdev *led_cdev)
{
//在/sys/class/leds目录下创建设备。也就是我们自己写的led设备驱动
led_cdev->dev = device_create(leds_class, parent, 0, led_cdev,
"%s", led_cdev->name);
if (IS_ERR(led_cdev->dev))
return PTR_ERR(led_cdev->dev);
//不懂trigger是什么
#ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS
init_rwsem(&led_cdev->trigger_lock);
#endif
/* add to the list of leds */
//上锁
down_write(&leds_list_lock);
//把要注册的led添加到已经注册的链表当中
list_add_tail(&led_cdev->node, &leds_list);
//解锁
up_write(&leds_list_lock);
//如果没设置led的max_brightness,则设置为LED_FULL
if (!led_cdev->max_brightness)
led_cdev->max_brightness = LED_FULL;
//如果你设置了led_cdev里面的brightness_get函数指针,重新跟新brightness
led_update_brightness(led_cdev);
#ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS
led_trigger_set_default(led_cdev);
#endif
printk(KERN_DEBUG "Registered led device: %s\n",
led_cdev->name);
return 0;
}
(3)注册完了接下来就是注销LED驱动
void led_classdev_unregister(struct led_classdev *led_cdev)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS
down_write(&led_cdev->trigger_lock);
if (led_cdev->trigger)
led_trigger_set(led_cdev, NULL);
up_write(&led_cdev->trigger_lock);
#endif
//移除在/sys/class/leds目录下创建的设备驱动目录
device_unregister(led_cdev->dev);
down_write(&leds_list_lock);
//删除已经注册的LED设备驱动的链表。
list_del(&led_cdev->node);
up_write(&leds_list_lock);
}
(4)还有两个跟操作LED相关的函数
//这个函数就是当我们cat读取brightness时候调用的函数
static ssize_t led_brightness_show(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
struct led_classdev *led_cdev = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
/* no lock needed for this */
led_update_brightness(led_cdev);
return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", led_cdev->brightness);
}
//这个函数就是当我们echo写brightness时候调用的函数,实际是有用的函数是led_set_brightness,接下来我们看led_set_brightness函数
static ssize_t led_brightness_store(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t size)
{
struct led_classdev *led_cdev = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;
char *after;
unsigned long state = simple_strtoul(buf, &after, 10);
size_t count = after - buf;
if (isspace(*after))
count++;
if (count == size) {
ret = count;
if (state == LED_OFF)
led_trigger_remove(led_cdev);
led_set_brightness(led_cdev, state);
}
return ret;
}
//这个函数实际就是调用了led_cdev结构体里面的brightness_set函数指针,这就是我们自己要实现的函数
static inline void led_set_brightness(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
enum led_brightness value)
{
if (value > led_cdev->max_brightness)
value = led_cdev->max_brightness;
led_cdev->brightness = value;
if (!(led_cdev->flags & LED_SUSPENDED))
led_cdev->brightness_set(led_cdev, value);
}
三、实际写LED驱动的步骤
1.调用led_classdev_register来注册led驱动,根据它的参数,首先我们要填充led_classdev类型结构体变量的元素
(1)实际需要填充的很少。name、brightness(初始亮度)、brightness_set(这个比较重要,也就是实现LED的亮灭的函数)等。重要的就这几个。
struct led_classdev {
const char *name;
int brightness;
int max_brightness;
int flags;
/* Lower 16 bits reflect status */
#define LED_SUSPENDED (1 << 0)
/* Upper 16 bits reflect control information */
#define LED_CORE_SUSPENDRESUME (1 << 16)
/* Set LED brightness level */
/* Must not sleep, use a workqueue if needed */
void (*brightness_set)(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
enum led_brightness brightness);
/* Get LED brightness level */
enum led_brightness (*brightness_get)(struct led_classdev *led_cdev);
/* Activate hardware accelerated blink, delays are in
* miliseconds and if none is provided then a sensible default
* should be chosen. The call can adjust the timings if it can't
* match the values specified exactly. */
int (*blink_set)(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
unsigned long *delay_on,
unsigned long *delay_off);
struct device *dev;
struct list_head node; /* LED Device list */
const char *default_trigger; /* Trigger to use */
#ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS
/* Protects the trigger data below */
struct rw_semaphore trigger_lock;
struct led_trigger *trigger;
struct list_head trig_list;
void *trigger_data;
#endif
};