从服务器地址下载文件到安卓机本地，如果出现能在模拟器中下载，但是手机上不行，配置一下network-security-config.xml

点击之后下载完成

文件结构：

DownLoadListener.interface

package com.example.download2;

/**
 * 下载状态的监听接口
 */
public interface DownLoadListener {
    void onProgress(int progress);
    void onSuccess();
    void onFailed();
    void onPaused();
    void onCanceled();
}

DownLoadService.class

package com.example.download2;

import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationChannel;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;

/**
 * 后台下载服务
 */
public class DownLoadService extends Service {

    private DownLoadTask downLoadTask;
    private String downLoadUrl;

    private DownLoadListener downLoadListener = new DownLoadListener() {
        @Override
        public void onProgress(int progress) {
            //getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("正在下载", progress));
        }

        @Override
        public void onSuccess() {
            downLoadTask = null;
            stopForeground(true);
           // getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("下载完成", -1));
            Toast.makeText(DownLoadService.this, "下载完成！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onFailed() {
            downLoadTask = null;
            stopForeground(true);
            //getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("下载失败", -1));
            Toast.makeText(DownLoadService.this, "下载失败！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onPaused() {
            downLoadTask = null;
            Toast.makeText(DownLoadService.this, "下载暂停！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onCanceled() {
            downLoadTask = null;
            stopForeground(true);
            Toast.makeText(DownLoadService.this, "下载取消！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    };

    public DownLoadService() {
    }

    /**
     * 自定义Binder类
     */
    class DownLoadBinder extends Binder {

        /**
         * 开始下载
         *
         * @param url
         */
        public void startDownLoad(String url) {
            if (downLoadTask == null) {
                downLoadUrl = url;
                downLoadTask = new DownLoadTask(downLoadListener);
                downLoadTask.execute(downLoadUrl);
                //startForeground(1, getNotification("开始下载", 0));
            }
        }

        /**
         * 暂停下载
         */
        public void pauseDownLoad() {
            if (downLoadTask != null) {
                downLoadTask.pauseDownLoad();
            }
        }

        /**
         * 取消下载
         */
        public void cancelDownLoad() {
            if (downLoadTask != null) {
                downLoadTask.cancelDownLoad();
            }
            //文件删除
            if (downLoadUrl != null) {
                String fileName = downLoadUrl.substring(downLoadUrl.lastIndexOf("/"));
                String directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getPath();
                File file = new File(directory, fileName);
                if (file.exists()) {
                    file.delete();
                }
                getNotificationManager().cancel(1);
                stopForeground(true);
                Toast.makeText(DownLoadService.this, "下载取消！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }

    private DownLoadBinder downLoadBinder = new DownLoadBinder();

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
        return downLoadBinder;
    }

    private NotificationManager getNotificationManager() {
        return (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
    }
}

DownLoadTask.class

package com.example.download2;

import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Environment;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;

import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;

/**
 * 下载的异步任务
 */
public class DownLoadTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Integer> {

    public static final int TYPE_SUCCESS = 0;
    public static final int TYPE_FAILED = 1;
    public static final int TYPE_PAUSED= 2;
    public static final int TYPE_CANCELED = 3;

    private boolean isPaused = false;
    private boolean isCanceled = false;
    private int lastProgress;

    private DownLoadListener downLoadListener;

    public DownLoadTask(DownLoadListener downLoadListener) {
        this.downLoadListener = downLoadListener;
    }

    public void setDownLoadListener(DownLoadListener downLoadListener) {
        this.downLoadListener = downLoadListener;
    }

    @Override
    protected Integer doInBackground(String... strings) {
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = null;
        File file = null;
        try {
            long downLoadLength = 0;//记录已下载的文件长度
            String downLoadUrl = strings[0];
            //获取文件名称
            String fileName = downLoadUrl.substring(downLoadUrl.lastIndexOf("/"));
            //外部存储的公共文件夹目录
            String directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getPath();

            file = new File(directory, fileName);
            if (file.exists()) {
                downLoadLength = file.length();
            }

            long contentLength = getContentLength(downLoadUrl);
            if (contentLength == 0) {
                return TYPE_FAILED;
            } else if (contentLength == downLoadLength) {
                //如果已下载的字节和文件总字节相等，说明已经下载完成了
                return TYPE_SUCCESS;
            }

            OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
            Request request = new Request.Builder()
                    .addHeader("RANGE", "bytes=" + downLoadLength + "-") //断点继续下载
                    .url(downLoadUrl)
                    .build();
            Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
            if (response != null) {
                inputStream = response.body().byteStream();
                randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
                randomAccessFile.seek(downLoadLength);//跳过已下载的字节

                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                int total = 0;
                int len;
                //inputStream.read(bytes)--读取多个字节写到bytes中
                while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                    if (isCanceled) {
                        return TYPE_CANCELED;
                    } else if (isPaused) {
                        return TYPE_PAUSED;
                    } else {
                        total += len;
                        randomAccessFile.write(bytes, 0, len);
                        int progress = (int)((total + downLoadLength) * 100 / contentLength);
                        publishProgress(progress);
                    }
                }
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (inputStream != null) {
                    inputStream.close();
                }
                if (randomAccessFile != null) {
                    randomAccessFile.close();
                }
                if (isCanceled && file != null) {
                    file.delete();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return TYPE_FAILED;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
        int progress = values[0];
        if (progress > lastProgress) {
            downLoadListener.onProgress(progress);
            lastProgress = progress;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Integer integer) {
        switch (integer) {
            case TYPE_SUCCESS: {
                downLoadListener.onSuccess();
                break;
            }
            case TYPE_FAILED: {
                downLoadListener.onFailed();
                break;
            }
            case TYPE_PAUSED: {
                downLoadListener.onPaused();
                break;
            }
            case TYPE_CANCELED: {
                downLoadListener.onCanceled();
                break;
            }
            default:break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 暂停下载
     */
    public void pauseDownLoad() {
        this.isPaused = true;
    }

    /**
     * 取消下载
     */
    public void cancelDownLoad() {
        this.isCanceled = true;
    }

    /**
     * 获取文件长度
     *
     * @param downLoadUrl
     * @return
     */
    private long getContentLength(String downLoadUrl) {
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url(downLoadUrl).build();
        try {
            Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
            if (response != null && response.isSuccessful()) {
                long contentLength = response.body().contentLength();
                response.body().close();
                return contentLength;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return 0;
        }
        return 0;
    }
}

MainActivity.class

package com.example.download2;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;

import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private static final int WRITE_PERMISSION_CODE = 1000;
    //文件下载链接
    //private String url = "http://cloud.video.taobao.com/play/u/2577498496/p/1/e/6/t/1/50016582633.mp4";
    private String url = "http://192.168.191.1:8080/First13/files/mmm/wode的右脚/1.pdf";
    private Context mContext;

    private Button btnStartDownLoad, btnPauseDownLoad, btnCancelDownLoad;

    private DownLoadService.DownLoadBinder downLoadBinder;

    private ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
            downLoadBinder = (DownLoadService.DownLoadBinder) iBinder;
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {

        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        baseDataInit();
        bindViews();
        viewsAddListener();
        viewsDataInit();
    }

    private void baseDataInit() {
        mContext = this;
    }

    private void bindViews() {
        btnStartDownLoad = findViewById(R.id.Main_btnStartDownLoad);
        btnPauseDownLoad = findViewById(R.id.Main_btnPauseDownLoad);
        btnCancelDownLoad = findViewById(R.id.Main_btnCancelDownLoad);
    }

    private void viewsAddListener() {
        btnStartDownLoad.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnPauseDownLoad.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnCancelDownLoad.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    private void viewsDataInit() {
        checkPermission(MainActivity.this);
        Intent intent = new Intent(mContext, DownLoadService.class);
        startService(intent);
        bindService(intent, serviceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        if (downLoadBinder == null) {
            Toast.makeText(mContext, "下载服务创建失败！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return;
        }
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.Main_btnStartDownLoad: {
                downLoadBinder.startDownLoad(url);
                break;
            }
            case R.id.Main_btnPauseDownLoad: {
                downLoadBinder.pauseDownLoad();
                break;
            }
            case R.id.Main_btnCancelDownLoad: {
                downLoadBinder.cancelDownLoad();
                break;
            }
            default:break;
        }
    }

    private void checkPermission(Activity activity) {//开启本地的照片读取与写入权限
        // Storage Permissions
        final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1;
        String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {
                Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,//读内存权限
                Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};//写内存权限

        try {
            //检测是否有写的权限
            int permission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
                    "android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE");
            if (permission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // 没有写的权限，去申请写的权限，会弹出对话框
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, PERMISSIONS_STORAGE, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="10dp"
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/Main_btnStartDownLoad"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="开始下载"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/Main_btnPauseDownLoad"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:text="暂停下载"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/Main_btnCancelDownLoad"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:text="取消下载"/>

</LinearLayout>

network-security-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true" />
</network-security-config>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.download2">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <application
        android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <service
            android:name=".DownLoadService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"></service>

    </application>

</manifest>

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/lpCrazyBoy/article/details/88776833
但是这里的很多地方都会有错误
采用okhttp，所以要在build.gradle加入implementation ‘com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.12.0’

1.像里面的通知方面由于过时api，同时我也不知道怎么替换，所以直接删去了这些通知功能

2.下面这些在最新的环境下都过时

上面两句替换成适合的即可

3.下面两句是为了访问本地存储权限，可采用现在流行的开启存储权限语句来访问

一个以前遇到过的小问题：
参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/e3a163ad7815
如果出现能在模拟器中下载到本地，但是在手机上无法下载到手机中 ，则需要配置一下network-security-config.xml。


因为在手机上访问需要加上新的权限。