450. Delete Node in a BST（python+cpp）

题目：

Given a root node reference of a BST and a key, delete the node with the given key in the BST. Return the root node reference (possibly updated) of the BST.
Basically, the deletion can be divided into two stages:
　Search for a node to remove.
　If the node is found, delete the node.
Note: Time complexity should be O(height of tree).

Example:

root = [5,3,6,2,4,null,7]
key = 3

     5    
    / \   
   3   6  
  / \   \ 
 2   4   7

Given key to delete is 3. So we find the node with value 3 and delete it.
One valid answer is [5,4,6,2,null,null,7], shown in the following BST.

     5    
    / \   
   4   6  
  /     \ 
 2       7

Another valid answer is [5,2,6,null,4,null,7].

    5    
   / \   
  2   6    
   \   \
    4   7

解释：
删除BST中的一个结点，使得删除后树还是一个BST
有多种删除方法
递归，如果val小于当前结点的val，在其左子树中找，反之亦然～
1.结点没有左子树：返回其右子树
2.结点没有右子树：返回其左子树
3.结点既有左子树，又有右子树：
1）在右子树中找一个值最小的结点，替换被删除的结点，并删除找到的最小结点（左孩子的左孩子的左孩子……）

    root.val = minNode.val;
    root.right = deleteNode(root.right, root.val);

或者
2）在左子树中找到一个值最大的结点，替换被删除的结点，并删除找到的最大结点（右孩子的右孩子的右孩子……）
python代码：

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None

class Solution:
    def deleteNode(self, root, key):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :type key: int
        :rtype: TreeNode
        """
        def findMax(root):
            if not root:
                return None
            while root.right:
                root=root.right
            return root
        def findMin(root):
            if not root:
                return None
            while root.left:
                root=root.left
            return root
        if not root:
            return None
        if root.val>key:
            root.left=self.deleteNode(root.left,key)
        elif root.val<key:
            root.right=self.deleteNode(root.right,key)
        else:
            if not root.left:
                return root.right
            elif not root.right:
                return root.left
            else:
                # minNode=findMin(root.right)
                # root.val=minNode.val
                # root.right=self.deleteNode(root.right,root.val)
                maxNode=findMax(root.left)
                root.val=maxNode.val
                root.left=self.deleteNode(root.left,root.val)
        return root

c++代码：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* deleteNode(TreeNode* root, int key) {
        if (!root)
            return NULL;
        if(key>root->val)
            root->right=deleteNode(root->right,key);
        else if(key<root->val)
            root->left=deleteNode(root->left,key);
        else
        {
            if(!root->left)
                return root->right;
            else if(!root->right)
                return root->left;
            else
            {
                TreeNode* maxNode=findMax(root->left);
                root->val=maxNode->val;
                root->left=deleteNode(root->left,maxNode->val);
            }
        }
        return root;
    }
    TreeNode* findMax(TreeNode* root)
    {
        if (!root)
            return NULL;
        while(root->right)
            root=root->right;
        return root;
    }
};

总结：