ListView的性能优化之convertView和viewHolder

ListView优化大致从以下几个角度:
1.复用已经生成的convertView；
2.添加viewHolder类；
3.缓存数据（图片缓存）；
4.分页加载。

一、复用convertView
首先讲下ListView的原理：ListView中的每一个Item显示都需要Adapter调用一次getView的方法，这个方法会传入一个convertView的参数，返回的View就是这个Item显示的View。如果当Item的数量足够大，再为每一个Item都创建一个View对象，必将占用很多内存，创建View对象（mInflater.inflate(R.layout.lv_item, null);从xml中生成View，这是属于IO操作）也是耗时操作，所以必将影响性能。Android提供了一个叫做Recycler(反复循环器)的构件，就是当ListView的Item从上方滚出屏幕视角之外，对应Item的View会被缓存到Recycler中，相应的会从下方生成一个Item，而此时调用的getView中的convertView参数就是滚出屏幕的Item的View，所以说如果能重用这个convertView，就会大大改善性能。

这连个超链接需要看看 ，写的比较好
http://www.cnblogs.com/itstudent/p/3729117.html
http://blog.csdn.net/jacman/article/details/7087995

这是我做的程序测试：

看代码：

package com.example.mypic;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private ListView listView;
	private MyAdapter adapter;
	private int[] items = new int[] { R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc,
			R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc,
			R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc,
			R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc,
			R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc,
			R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc,
			R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc,
			R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc,
			R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc,
			R.drawable.pc, R.drawable.pc };
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.main);

		listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView);
		Log.v("aa", "--显示图片-1-");
		adapter = new MyAdapter(this, items);
		Log.v("aa", "--显示图片-2-");
		listView.setAdapter(adapter);
		Log.v("aa", "--显示图片-3-");
		adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
	}
}

package com.example.mypic;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
	private int[] items = new int[] {};
	private Context context;
	private String TAG = "aa";
	private Bitmap bitmap = null;

	public MyAdapter(Context context, int[] items) {
		this.context = context;
		this.items = items;
	}

	@Override
	public int getCount() {
		return items.length;
	}

	@Override
	public Object getItem(int position) {
		return items[position];
	}

	@Override
	public long getItemId(int position) {
		return position;
	}

	@Override
	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
		
		//Log.v(TAG, "position=="+position);
		//Log.v(TAG, "convertView=="+convertView);
		//Log.v(TAG, "ViewGroup=="+parent);
		
		ViewHolder holder;
		if (convertView == null) {
			convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
			holder = new ViewHolder();
			holder.imageView = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.imageView);
			holder.textView = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.textView);
			
			Log.v(TAG, position+"----"+holder);
			
			convertView.setTag(holder);
		}else {
			holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
			
			Log.v(TAG, position+"--1--"+holder);
		}
		
		bitmap = BitmapCompressTools.decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(
					context.getResources(), R.drawable.pc, 100, 100);
			
		//Log.d(TAG, "压缩之后的图片大小为:" + bitmap.getByteCount());
		holder.imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
		holder.textView.setText("图片"+position);
		
		return convertView;
	}

	class ViewHolder {
		ImageView imageView;
		TextView textView;
	}
}

package com.example.mypic;

import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;

public class BitmapCompressTools {
	public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(Resources res,
			int resId, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {

		// 给定的BitmapFactory设置解码的参数
		final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
		// 从解码器中获取原始图片的宽高，这样避免了直接申请内存空间
		options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
		BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);

		// Calculate inSampleSize
		options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth,
				reqHeight);

		// 压缩完后便可以将inJustDecodeBounds设置为false了。
		options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
		return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
	}

	/**
	 * 指定图片的缩放比例
	 * 
	 * @param options
	 * @param reqWidth
	 * @param reqHeight
	 * @return
	 */

	public static int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,
			int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
		// 原始图片的宽、高
		final int height = options.outHeight;
		final int width = options.outWidth;
		int inSampleSize = 1;

//		if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {
//			//这里有两种压缩方式，可供选择。
//			/**
//			 * 压缩方式二
//			 */
//			// final int halfHeight = height / 2;
//			// final int halfWidth = width / 2;
//			// while ((halfHeight / inSampleSize) > reqHeight
//			// && (halfWidth / inSampleSize) > reqWidth) {
//			// inSampleSize *= 2;
//			// }
//			
			/**
			 * 压缩方式一
			 */
			// 计算压缩的比例：分为宽高比例
			final int heightRatio = Math.round((float) height
					/ (float) reqHeight);
			final int widthRatio = Math.round((float) width / (float) reqWidth);
			inSampleSize = heightRatio < widthRatio ? heightRatio : widthRatio;
//		}

		return inSampleSize;
	}
}

main.ml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/listView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" >
    </ListView>

</RelativeLayout>

list_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"/>

</LinearLayout>

这是运行结果图：