Android Loader机制

以下是个人见解，不喜勿喷。
Loader 装载器，自android3.0开始引进。他使得在activity或fragment中异步加载数据变得简单。他有以下特性：

• 他们对每个Activity和Fragment都有效
• 他们提供了异步加载数据的能力
• 他们监控数据源的一举一动并在内容改变时传递新的结果
• 当由于配置改变而被重新创建后，他们自动重练到上一个加载器的游标，所以不必重新查询数据

在使用装载器的时候，会用到下面API：

• LoaderManager 负责管理多个loader
• LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks 回调接口
• Loader 装载器
• AsyncTaskLoader 异步任务转载器
• CursorLoader AsnycTaskLoader的子类，为查询cursor以标准的方式实现了装载器的协议。

下面以一个列子来说明怎么用(PS：这里只是简单地使用)，先看下效果图

下面来看下代码。我将所有的数据都放在数据库中，并且集合contentprovider使用。

实体类

public class Person {

    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String age;

    /**
     * 对应的数据库biao名 以及列名
     */
    public static final String TABLE_NAME="tb_person";
    public static final String COLUMN_NAME = "name";
    public static final String COLUMN_AGE = "age";

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

DBopenhelper类，只创建了一张数据表而已。

public class PersonDbOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    private static final String DB_NAME= "person.db";
    private static final int DB_VERSION= 1;

    private static PersonDbOpenHelper mHelper;

    public static PersonDbOpenHelper getInstance(Context context){
        if (mHelper==null){
            synchronized (PersonDbOpenHelper.class){
                if (mHelper==null){
                    mHelper = new PersonDbOpenHelper(context);
                }
            }
        }
        return mHelper;
    }

    private PersonDbOpenHelper(Context context) {
        super(context.getApplicationContext(),DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
    }



    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

        String sql = "create table " + Person.TABLE_NAME +" ("+
                " _id integer primary key autoincrement , "+
                Person.COLUMN_NAME + " text, "+
                Person.COLUMN_AGE +" text "+
                ")";
        db.execSQL(sql);
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

    }
}

provider

public class PersonProvider extends ContentProvider {
    private static final String AUTHORITY = "com.gl.person.provider.personprovider";
    public static final Uri URI_PERSOM_ALL = Uri.parse("content://"+AUTHORITY+"/person");

    private static UriMatcher matcher;

    private static final int PERSON_ALL = 0;
    private static final int PERSON_ONE = 1;

    static{
        matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        matcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"person",PERSON_ALL);
        matcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"person/#",PERSON_ONE);
    }

    private PersonDbOpenHelper mHelper;
    private SQLiteDatabase mDb;

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {

        mHelper = PersonDbOpenHelper.getInstance(getContext());

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        int match = matcher.match(uri);
        switch (match){
            case PERSON_ALL:

                break;
            case PERSON_ONE:
                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                selection="_id = ?";
                selectionArgs = new String[]{String.valueOf(id)};
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong Uri:"+uri);


        }
        mDb = mHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor c= mDb.query(Person.TABLE_NAME, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
        c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(),URI_PERSOM_ALL);
        return c;
    }

    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {

        int match = matcher.match(uri);
        if (match!=PERSON_ALL){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong Uri:"+uri);
        }
        mDb = mHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        long rowId = mDb.insert(Person.TABLE_NAME,null,values);
        if (rowId>0){
            notifyDataSetChanged();
            return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri,rowId);
        }
        return null;
    }

    private void notifyDataSetChanged() {
        getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(URI_PERSOM_ALL,null);
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        return 0;
    }

我在这里实现了数据库的插入和查询操作。关于ContentProvider我这里不再细说。
下面重点戏来了。。
主界面我只用了一个ListView。我们来看看Loader怎么用。

private void initLoader() {
        getLoaderManager().initLoader(1, null, new LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor>() {
            @Override
            public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
                CursorLoader loader = new CursorLoader(MainActivity.this,PersonProvider.URI_PERSOM_ALL,null,null,null,null);
                return loader;
            }

            @Override
            public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) {

                mAdapter.swapCursor(data);
            }

            @Override
            public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
                mAdapter.swapCursor(null);
            }
        });
    }

这里我们初始化了Loader，并重写LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks。

• onCreateLoader 在loader被创建时候调用
• onLoadFinished 在loader load完毕时候调用
• onLoaderReset 在loader reset时候调用。
  这里的mAdapter是自己实现CursorAdapter的，稍后会说到。这个swapCursor方法是干什么用的呢。我们看下源码

/**
     * Swap in a new Cursor, returning the old Cursor.  Unlike
     * {@link #changeCursor(Cursor)}, the returned old Cursor is <em>not</em>
     * closed.
     *
     * @param newCursor The new cursor to be used.
     * @return Returns the previously set Cursor, or null if there wasa not one.
     * If the given new Cursor is the same instance is the previously set
     * Cursor, null is also returned.
     */
    public Cursor swapCursor(Cursor newCursor) {
        if (newCursor == mCursor) {
            return null;
        }
        Cursor oldCursor = mCursor;
        if (oldCursor != null) {
            if (mChangeObserver != null) oldCursor.unregisterContentObserver(mChangeObserver);
            if (mDataSetObserver != null) oldCursor.unregisterDataSetObserver(mDataSetObserver);
        }
        mCursor = newCursor;
        if (newCursor != null) {
            if (mChangeObserver != null) newCursor.registerContentObserver(mChangeObserver);
            if (mDataSetObserver != null) newCursor.registerDataSetObserver(mDataSetObserver);
            mRowIDColumn = newCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("_id");
            mDataValid = true;
            // notify the observers about the new cursor
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        } else {
            mRowIDColumn = -1;
            mDataValid = false;
            // notify the observers about the lack of a data set
            notifyDataSetInvalidated();
        }
        return oldCursor;
    }

就是将 将要用的新的游标替换就得，说白了就是游标下移(个人理解)，并且通知数据变化。到这里就有那么一点点感觉了。。。
再来看下Adapter

public class PersonAdapter extends CursorAdapter {

    public PersonAdapter(Context context, Cursor c, boolean autoRequery) {
        super(context, c, autoRequery);
    }

    //返回布局
    @Override
    public View newView(Context context, Cursor cursor, ViewGroup parent) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.list_item,parent,false);
        return view;
    }
    //给view绑定数据
    @Override
    public void bindView(View view, Context context, Cursor cursor) {
        TextView tv_name = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.person_name);
        TextView tv_age = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.person_age);

        tv_name.setText("姓名："+cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(Person.COLUMN_NAME)));
        tv_age.setText("年龄："+cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(Person.COLUMN_AGE)));
    }
}

只需重写2个方法，newView，返回子view，bindView，绑定数据。
，没错，用法就是这么简单粗暴。不过，还有更复杂的用法等着我们。

代码下载地址：Github