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Java集合中List,Set以及Map等集合体系详解(史上最全)
概述:
- List , Set, Map都是接口，前两个继承至collection接口，Map为独立接口
- Set下有HashSet，LinkedHashSet，TreeSet
- List下有ArrayList，Vector，LinkedList
- Map下有Hashtable，LinkedHashMap，HashMap，TreeMap
- collection接口下还有个Queue接口，有PriorityQueue类
注意:
-
Queue接口与List、Set同一级别，都是继承了collection接口。
看图你会发现,LinkedList既可以实现Queue接口,也可以实现List接口.只不过呢, LinkedList实现了Queue接口。Queue接口窄化了对LinkedList的方法的访问权限（即在方法中的参数类型如果是Queue时，就完全只能访问Queue接口所定义的方法 了，而不能直接访问 LinkedList的非Queue的方法），以使得只有恰当的方法才可以使用。 -
SortedSet是个接口，它里面的（只有TreeSet这一个实现可用）中的元素一定是有序的。
总结:
connection接口(注意首字母小写):
— List 有序,可重复
- ArrayList
优点: 底层数据结构是数组，查询快，增删慢。
缺点: 线程不安全，效率高 - Vector
优点: 底层数据结构是数组，查询快，增删慢。
缺点: 线程安全，效率低 - LinkedList
优点: 底层数据结构是链表，查询慢，增删快。
缺点: 线程不安全，效率高
—Set 无序,唯一
-
HashSet
底层数据结构是哈希表。(无序,唯一)
如何来保证元素唯一性?
1.依赖两个方法：hashCode()和equals() -
LinkedHashSet
底层数据结构是链表和哈希表。(FIFO插入有序,唯一)
1.由链表保证元素有序
2.由哈希表保证元素唯一 -
TreeSet
底层数据结构是红黑树。(唯一，有序)
1. 如何保证元素排序的呢?
自然排序
比较器排序
2.如何保证元素唯一性的呢?
根据比较的返回值是否是0来决定
针对collection集合我们到底使用谁呢?(掌握)
唯一吗?
是：Set
排序吗?
是：TreeSet或LinkedHashSet
否：HashSet
如果你知道是Set，但是不知道是哪个Set，就用HashSet。
否：List
要安全吗?
是：Vector
否：ArrayList或者LinkedList查询多：ArrayList
增删多：LinkedList
如果你知道是List，但是不知道是哪个List，就用ArrayList。
如果你知道是collection集合，但是不知道使用谁，就用ArrayList。
如果你知道用集合，就用ArrayList。
说完了collection,来简单说一下Map.
Map接口:
上图:
Map接口有三个比较重要的实现类，分别是HashMap、TreeMap和HashTable。
- TreeMap是有序的，HashMap和HashTable是无序的。
- Hashtable的方法是同步的，HashMap的方法不是同步的。这是两者最主要的区别。
这就意味着:
- Hashtable是线程安全的，HashMap不是线程安全的。
- HashMap效率较高，Hashtable效率较低。
如果对同步性或与遗留代码的兼容性没有任何要求，建议使用HashMap。 查看Hashtable的源代码就可以发现，除构造函数外，Hashtable的所有 public 方法声明中都有 synchronized关键字，而HashMap的源码中则没有。 - Hashtable不允许null值，HashMap允许null值（key和value都允许）
- 父类不同：Hashtable的父类是Dictionary，HashMap的父类是AbstractMap
重点问题重点分析:
(一).TreeSet, LinkedHashSet and HashSet 的区别
1. 介绍
- TreeSet, LinkedHashSet and HashSet 在java中都是实现Set的数据结构
- TreeSet的主要功能用于排序
- LinkedHashSet的主要功能用于保证FIFO即有序的集合(先进先出)
- HashSet只是通用的存储数据的集合
2. 相同点
- Duplicates elements: 因为三者都实现Set interface，所以三者都不包含duplicate elements
- Thread safety: 三者都不是线程安全的，如果要使用线程安全可以collections.synchronizedSet()
3. 不同点
- Performance and Speed: HashSet插入数据最快，其次LinkHashSet，最慢的是TreeSet因为内部实现排序
- Ordering: HashSet不保证有序，LinkHashSet保证FIFO即按插入顺序排序，TreeSet安装内部实现排序，也可以自定义排序规则
- null:HashSet和LinkHashSet允许存在null数据，但是TreeSet中插入null数据时会报NullPointerException
4. 代码比较
public static void main(String args[]) { HashSet<String> hashSet = new HashSet<>(); LinkedHashSet<String> linkedHashSet = new LinkedHashSet<>(); TreeSet<String> treeSet = new TreeSet<>();<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>String data <span class="token operator">:</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">asList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"B"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"E"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"D"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"C"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"A"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> hashSet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> linkedHashSet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> treeSet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">//不保证有序</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Ordering in HashSet :"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> hashSet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//FIFO保证安装插入顺序排序</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Order of element in LinkedHashSet :"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> linkedHashSet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//内部实现排序</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Order of objects in TreeSet :"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> treeSet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li></ul></pre>
运行结果:
Ordering in HashSet :[A, B, C, D, E] (无顺序)
Order of element in LinkedHashSet :[B, E, D, C, A] (FIFO插入有序)
Order of objects in TreeSet :[A, B, C, D, E] (排序)
(二).TreeSet的两种排序方式比较
1.排序的引入(以基本数据类型的排序为例)
由于TreeSet可以实现对元素按照某种规则进行排序，例如下面的例子
public class MyClass {<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 创建集合对象</span> <span class="token comment">// 自然顺序进行排序</span> TreeSet<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> ts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TreeSet</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 创建元素并添加</span> <span class="token comment">// 20,18,23,22,17,24,19,18,24</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">23</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">22</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">17</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">19</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 遍历</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer i <span class="token operator">:</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
运行结果:
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
2.如果是引用数据类型呢,比如自定义对象,又该如何排序呢?
测试类:
public class MyClass { public static void main(String[] args) { TreeSet<Student> ts=new TreeSet<Student>(); //创建元素对象 Student s1=new Student("zhangsan",20); Student s2=new Student("lis",22); Student s3=new Student("wangwu",24); Student s4=new Student("chenliu",26); Student s5=new Student("zhangsan",22); Student s6=new Student("qianqi",24);<span class="token comment">//将元素对象添加到集合对象中</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s4<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s5<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s6<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//遍历</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Student s<span class="token operator">:</span>ts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"-----------"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
Student.java:
public class Student { private String name; private int age;<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">=</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">=</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
结果报错:
原因分析：
由于不知道该安照那一中排序方式排序，所以会报错。
解决方法：
1.自然排序
2.比较器排序
(1).自然排序
自然排序要进行一下操作：
1.Student类中实现 Comparable接口
2.重写Comparable接口中的Compareto方法
compareTo(T o) 比较此对象与指定对象的顺序。
public class Student implements Comparable<Student>{ private String name; private int age;<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">=</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">=</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">compareTo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Student s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">//return -1; //-1表示放在红黑树的左边,即逆序输出</span> <span class="token comment">//return 1; //1表示放在红黑树的右边，即顺序输出</span> <span class="token comment">//return o; //表示元素相同，仅存放第一个元素</span> <span class="token comment">//主要条件 姓名的长度,如果姓名长度小的就放在左子树，否则放在右子树</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> num<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名的长度相同，不代表内容相同,如果按字典顺序此 String 对象位于参数字符串之前，则比较结果为一个负整数。</span> <span class="token comment">//如果按字典顺序此 String 对象位于参数字符串之后，则比较结果为一个正整数。</span> <span class="token comment">//如果这两个字符串相等，则结果为 0</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> num1<span class="token operator">=</span>num<span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">compareTo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span>num<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名的长度和内容相同，不代表年龄相同，所以还要判断年龄</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> num2<span class="token operator">=</span>num1<span class="token operator">==</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token operator">-</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token operator">:</span>num1<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> num2<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
运行结果:
lis-----------22
qianqi-----------24
wangwu-----------24
chenliu-----------26
zhangsan-----------20
zhangsan-----------22
(2).比较器排序
比较器排序步骤：
1.单独创建一个比较类，这里以MyComparator为例，并且要让其继承Comparator接口
2.重写Comparator接口中的Compare方法
compare(T o1,T o2) 比较用来排序的两个参数。
3.在主类中使用下面的 构造方法
TreeSet(Comparator<? superE> comparator)
构造一个新的空 TreeSet，它根据指定比较器进行排序。
测试类:
public class MyClass {<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">//创建集合对象</span> <span class="token comment">//TreeSet(Comparator<? super E> comparator) 构造一个新的空 TreeSet，它根据指定比较器进行排序。</span> TreeSet<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Student<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TreeSet</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Student<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">MyComparator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//创建元素对象</span> Student s1<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"zhangsan"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Student s2<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"lis"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">22</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Student s3<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"wangwu"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Student s4<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"chenliu"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">26</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Student s5<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"zhangsan"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">22</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Student s6<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"qianqi"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//将元素对象添加到集合对象中</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s4<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s5<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s6<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//遍历</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Student s<span class="token operator">:</span>ts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"-----------"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
Student.java:
public class Student { private String name; private int age;<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">=</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">=</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
MyComparator类：
public class MyComparator implements Comparator<Student> {<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">compare</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Student s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>Student s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 姓名长度</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> num <span class="token operator">=</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> s2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 姓名内容</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> num2 <span class="token operator">=</span> num <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">compareTo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> num<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 年龄</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> num3 <span class="token operator">=</span> num2 <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> s2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> num2<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> num3<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
运行结果:
lis-----------22
qianqi-----------24
wangwu-----------24
chenliu-----------26
zhangsan-----------20
zhangsan-----------22
(三). 性能测试
对象类:
class Dog implements Comparable<Dog> {
int size;
public Dog(int s) {
size = s;
}
public String toString() {
return size + "";
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Dog o) {
//数值大小比较
return size - o.size;
}
}
主类:
public class MyClass {<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Random r <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Random</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> HashSet<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Dog<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> hashSet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">HashSet</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Dog<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> TreeSet<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Dog<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> treeSet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TreeSet</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Dog<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> LinkedHashSet<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Dog<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> linkedSet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LinkedHashSet</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Dog<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// start time</span> <span class="token keyword">long</span> startTime <span class="token operator">=</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nanoTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> r<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nextInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1000</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hashSet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Dog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// end time</span> <span class="token keyword">long</span> endTime <span class="token operator">=</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nanoTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">long</span> duration <span class="token operator">=</span> endTime <span class="token operator">-</span> startTime<span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"HashSet: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> duration<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// start time</span> startTime <span class="token operator">=</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nanoTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> r<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nextInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1000</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> treeSet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Dog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// end time</span> endTime <span class="token operator">=</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nanoTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> duration <span class="token operator">=</span> endTime <span class="token operator">-</span> startTime<span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"TreeSet: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> duration<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// start time</span> startTime <span class="token operator">=</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nanoTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> r<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nextInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1000</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> linkedSet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Dog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// end time</span> endTime <span class="token operator">=</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nanoTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> duration <span class="token operator">=</span> endTime <span class="token operator">-</span> startTime<span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"LinkedHashSet: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> duration<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
运行结果:
HashSet: 1544313
TreeSet: 2066049
LinkedHashSet: 629826
虽然测试不够准确,但能反映得出，TreeSet要慢得多,因为它是有序的。
好了,至此完结.小伙伴有问题的话,请留言
参考文章:
HashSet、TreeSet和LinkedHashSet的使用区别
collection集合总结
HashMap、TreeMap和HashTable的区别
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