hdoj 1686 Oulipo【kmp】

Oulipo

Time Limit : 3000/1000ms (Java/Other)   Memory Limit : 32768/32768K (Java/Other)

Total Submission(s) : 80   Accepted Submission(s) : 51

Problem Description

The French author Georges Perec (1936–1982) once wrote a book, La disparition, without the letter 'e'. He was a member of the Oulipo group. A quote from the book:

Tout avait Pair normal, mais tout s’affirmait faux. Tout avait Fair normal, d’abord, puis surgissait l’inhumain, l’affolant. Il aurait voulu savoir où s’articulait l’association qui l’unissait au roman : stir son tapis, assaillant à tout instant son imagination, l’intuition d’un tabou, la vision d’un mal obscur, d’un quoi vacant, d’un non-dit : la vision, l’avision d’un oubli commandant tout, où s’abolissait la raison : tout avait l’air normal mais…

Perec would probably have scored high (or rather, low) in the following contest. People are asked to write a perhaps even meaningful text on some subject with as few occurrences of a given “word” as possible. Our task is to provide the jury with a program that counts these occurrences, in order to obtain a ranking of the competitors. These competitors often write very long texts with nonsense meaning; a sequence of 500,000 consecutive 'T's is not unusual. And they never use spaces.

So we want to quickly find out how often a word, i.e., a given string, occurs in a text. More formally: given the alphabet {'A', 'B', 'C', …, 'Z'} and two finite strings over that alphabet, a word W and a text T, count the number of occurrences of W in T. All the consecutive characters of W must exactly match consecutive characters of T. Occurrences may overlap.

 

Input

The first line of the input file contains a single number: the number of test cases to follow. Each test case has the following format: One line with the word W, a string over {'A', 'B', 'C', …, 'Z'}, with 1 ≤ |W| ≤ 10,000 (here |W| denotes the length of the string W). One line with the text T, a string over {'A', 'B', 'C', …, 'Z'}, with |W| ≤ |T| ≤ 1,000,000.

 

Output

For every test case in the input file, the output should contain a single number, on a single line: the number of occurrences of the word W in the text T.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   3
BAPC
BAPC
AZA
AZAZAZA
VERDI
AVERDXIVYERDIAN

  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   1
3
0

  
  

 

分析：

写这道题前会长给我们讲了kmp的用法，但是当时一直迷迷糊糊的，没有搞得太懂，下去自己又看了一下。结合这道题写下自己的理解。

这道题的意思是从第二组数据中找出第一组数据出现的次数，用平常的方法就是一个一个的找，用俩个for循环，这时候的用时就是（n*m）；

但是用kmp就能很快的解决这个题，去掉不必要的搜索。详解在代码中体现。

代码：

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
const int max=10010;
char s1[max],s2[max*100];
int p[max];
int len1,len2;
int cnt;
void getp()//kmp的优化，先找到第一个串的规律，消除不必要的搜索。 
{
	int i=0,j=-1;
	p[0]=-1;
	while(i<len1)
	{
		if(j==-1||s1[i]==s2[j])
		{
		i++,j++;
		p[i]=j;
		}
		else 
		j=p[j];
	}
}

void kmp()//正式开始匹配。 
{
	getp();
	int i=0,j=0;
	while(i<len2)
	{
		if(j==-1||s1[j]==s2[i])//当第i个字符和第j个字符相等的时候就把j的位置 ，匹配下一个。 
		{
			i++,j++;
			if(j==len1)//当满足第一个字符串的时候，计数。 
			cnt++;
		}
		else//当俩个不相等的时候，就把第一个字符串向右移，从新匹配。 
		j=p[j];
	
	}
}

int main()
{
	int t;
	scanf("%d",&t);
	while(t--)
	{
		cnt=0;
		scanf("%s%s",s1,s2);
		len1=strlen(s1);
		len2=strlen(s2);
		kmp();
		printf("%d\n",cnt);	
	}
	return 0;
}