Python练手项目（2）——200行实现2048小游戏

Python练手项目（2）——200行实现2048小游戏

感谢知乎上的知友提供的链接传送门，本例的代码转自“实验楼”网站的文档：实验楼链接

2048小游戏几乎所有人都知道，也有很多实现方式（C，Java等），相信读者们很多都自己写过。本例中将用Python实现，虽然在设计上（在我看来）不够好，不是很好的OO设计。但在这个例子中用到了很多Python的高级特性和好用的库，作为练习用也不错。

源码

import curses
from random import randrange, choice
from collections import defaultdict

# define all the actions that is valid to control
actions = ['Up', 'Left', 'Down', 'Right', 'Restart', 'Exit']
# define the corresponding code value of actions
letter_codes = [ord(ch) for ch in 'WASDRQwasdrq']
# zip the action with letter_codes
actions_dict = dict(zip(letter_codes, actions*2))


def get_user_action(keyboard):
    char = 'N'
    while char not in actions_dict:
        char = keyboard.getch()
    return actions_dict[char]


def transpose(field):
    return [list(row) for row in zip(*field)]


def invert(field):
    return [row[::-1] for row in field]


class GameField(object):
    def __init__(self, height=4, width=4, win=2048):
        self.height = height
        self.width = width
        self.win_value = 2048
        self.score = 0
        self.highscore = 0
        self.reset()

    def reset(self):
        if self.score > self.highscore:
            self.highscore = self.score
        self.score = 0
        self.field = [[0 for i in range(self.width)] for j in range(self.height)]
        # generate a new score at (i. j)
        self.spawn()
        self.spawn()

    def move(self, direction):
        def move_row_left(row):
            def tighten(row):
                new_row = [i for i in row if i != 0]
                new_row += [0 for i in range(len(row)-len(new_row))]
                return new_row

            def merge(row):
                pair = False
                new_row = []
                for i in range(len(row)):
                    if pair:
                        new_row.append(2*row[i])
                        self.score += 2*row[i]
                        pair = False
                    else:
                        if i+1 < len(row) and row[i] == row[i+1]:
                            pair = True
                            new_row.append(0)
                        else:
                            new_row.append(row[i])
                assert len(new_row) == len(row)
                return new_row

            return tighten(merge(tighten(row)))

        moves = {}
        moves['Left']  = lambda field: [move_row_left(row) for row in field]
        moves['Right'] = lambda field: invert(moves['Left'](invert(field)))
        moves['Up']    = lambda field: transpose(moves['Left'](transpose(field)))
        moves['Down']  = lambda field: transpose(moves['Right'](transpose(field)))

        if direction in moves:
            if self.move_is_possible(direction):
                self.field = moves[direction](self.field)
                self.spawn()
                return True
            else:
                return False

    def is_win(self):
        return any(any(i >= self.win_value for i in row) for row in self.field)

    def is_gameover(self):
        return not any(self.move_is_possible(move) for move in actions)

    def draw(self, screen):
        help_string1 = '(W)Up (S)Down (A)Left (D)Right'
        help_string2 = '      (R)Restart (Q)Exit'
        gameover_string = '         GAME OVER'
        win_string = '          YOU WIN'
        def cast(string):
            screen.addstr(string + '\n')

        def draw_hor_separator():
            line = '+' + ('+------' * self.width + '+')[1:]
            separator = defaultdict(lambda: line)
            if not hasattr(draw_hor_separator, "counter"):
                draw_hor_separator.counter = 0
            cast(separator[draw_hor_separator.counter])
            draw_hor_separator.counter += 1

        def draw_row(row):
            cast(''.join('|{: ^5} '.format(num) if num > 0 else '|      ' for num in row) + '|')

        screen.clear()
        cast('SCORE: ' + str(self.score))
        if 0 != self.highscore:
            cast('HIGNSCORE: '+str(self.highscore))
        for row in self.field:
            draw_hor_separator()
            draw_row(row)
        draw_hor_separator()
        if self.is_win():
            cast(win_string)
        else:
            if self.is_gameover():
                cast(gameover_string)
            else:
                cast(help_string1)
        cast(help_string2)

    def spawn(self):
        new_element = 4 if randrange(100) > 89 else 2
        (i, j) = choice([(i, j) for i in range(self.width) for j in range(self.height)
                         if self.field[i][j] == 0])
        self.field[i][j] = new_element

    def move_is_possible(self, direction):
        def row_is_left_movable(row):
            def change(i):
                if row[i] == 0 and row[i+1] != 0:
                    return True
                if row[i] != 0 and row[i+1] == row[i]:
                    return True
                return False
            return any(change(i) for i in range(len(row)-1))

        check = {}
        check['Left'] = lambda field: any(row_is_left_movable(row) for row in field)
        check['Right']= lambda field: check['Left'](invert(field))
        check['Up']   = lambda field: check['Left'](transpose(field))
        check['Down'] = lambda field: check['Right'](transpose(field))

        if direction in check:
            return check[direction](self.field)
        else:
            return False


def main(stdscr):
    def init():
        # reset the game field
        game_field.reset()
        return 'Game'

    def not_game(state):
        # draw the UI of GameOver or Win
        game_field.draw(stdscr)
        # read what action user enters and judge whether restart or end the game
        action = get_user_action(stdscr)
        responses = defaultdict(lambda: state)  #default current state, stay loop when no action happen
        responses['Restart'], responses['Exit'] = 'Init', 'Exit'  # translate action to state
        return responses[action]

    def game():
        # draw the current state of game field
        game_field.draw(stdscr)
        # read user's action
        action = get_user_action(stdscr)

        if action == 'Restart':
            return 'Init'
        if action == 'Exit':
            return 'Exit'
        if game_field.move(action):
            if game_field.is_win():
                return 'Win'
            if game_field.is_gameover():
                return 'GameOver'
        return 'Game'

    state_actions = {
        'Init': init,
        'Win': lambda: not_game('Win'),
        'GameOver': lambda: not_game('GameOver'),
        'Game': game
    }

    curses.use_default_colors()
    game_field = GameField(win=32)
    state = 'Init'
    # FSM start loop
    while state != 'Exit':
        state = state_actions[state]()

curses.wrapper(main)