16、设计模式(行为型)之观察者模式

作用

• 定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系，当一个对象的状态发生改变时，所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并被自动更新。

何时使用

• 一个对象（目标对象）的状态发生改变，所有的依赖对象（观察者对象）都将得到通知，进行广播通知。

优点

1. 观察者和被观察者是抽象耦合的。
2. 建立一套触发机制。

实例

• 自己创建

  /**
   * @Author: create_By: chenxin
   * @Data:Created in 2018/9/25 17:15
   * @Version:
   * @Acton:
   */
  public interface Observer {
  
      void update(Subject subject);
  }

  /**
   * @Author: create_By: chenxin
   * @Data:Created in 2018/9/25 17:16
   * @Version:
   * @Acton:
   */
  public class Subject {
  
      protected List<Observer> list = new ArrayList<>();
  
      public void registerObserver(Observer observer){
          list.add(observer);
      }
  
      public void removeObserver(Observer observer){
          list.remove(observer);
      }
  
      //通知所有的观察者更新状态
      public void notifyAllObserver(){
          for (Observer observer : list) {
              observer.update(this);
          }
      }
  }

  /**
   * @Author: create_By: chenxin
   * @Data:Created in 2018/9/25 17:22
   * @Version:
   * @Acton:
   */
  public class ConreteSubject extends Subject {
  
      private int state;
  
      public int getState() {
          return state;
      }
  
      public void setState(int state) {
          this.state = state;
          this.notifyAllObserver();
      }
  }

  /**
   * @Author: create_By: chenxin
   * @Data:Created in 2018/9/25 17:29
   * @Version:
   * @Acton:
   */
  public class ObserverA implements Observer {
  
      private int myState;        //myState需要跟目标对象的state值保持一致
      @Override
      public void update(Subject subject) {
          myState = ((ConreteSubject)subject).getState();
      }
  
      public int getMyState() {
          return myState;
      }
  
      public void setMyState(int myState) {
          this.myState = myState;
      }
  }

  /**
   * @Author: create_By: chenxin
   * @Data:Created in 2018/9/25 16:02
   * @Version:
   * @Acton:
   */
  public class TestObserverDemo {
      public static void main(String[] args){
          test1();
      }
  
      public static void test1(){
          //创建主题
          ConreteSubject subject = new ConreteSubject();
  
          //创建多个观察者
          ObserverA ob1 = new ObserverA();
          ObserverA ob2 = new ObserverA();
          ObserverA ob3 = new ObserverA();
  
          //注册所有的观察者
          subject.registerObserver(ob1);
          subject.registerObserver(ob2);
          subject.registerObserver(ob3);
  
          //设置状态
          subject.setState(3000);
  
          //
          System.out.println(ob1.getMyState());
          System.out.println(ob2.getMyState());
          System.out.println(ob3.getMyState());
  
          System.out.println("#====================?====================");
          //设置状态
          subject.setState(30);
  
          //
          System.out.println(ob1.getMyState());
          System.out.println(ob2.getMyState());
          System.out.println(ob3.getMyState());
      }
  }

   

• 根据系统提供的API创建

  import java.util.Observable;
  import java.util.Observer;
  
  /**
   * @Author: create_By: chenxin
   * @Data:Created in 2018/9/25 18:51
   * @Version:
   * @Acton:
   */
  public class ObserverA implements Observer {
  
      private int myState;
  
      @Override
      public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
          myState = ((ConcreteSubject)o).getState();
      }
  
      public int getMyState() {
          return myState;
      }
  
      public void setMyState(int myState) {
          this.myState = myState;
      }
  }

  import java.util.Observable;
  
  /**
   * @Author: create_By: chenxin
   * @Data:Created in 2018/9/25 18:41
   * @Version:
   * @Acton:
   */
  public class ConcreteSubject extends Observable {
  
      private int state;
  
      public void set(int s){
          state = s;          //对象 目标发生了改变
  
          setChanged();       //表示目标对象已经做了更改
  
          notifyObservers(state); //通知所有的观察者
      }
  
      public int getState() {
          return state;
      }
  
      public void setState(int state) {
          this.state = state;
      }
  }

  /**
   * @Author: create_By: chenxin
   * @Data:Created in 2018/9/25 18:30
   * @Version:
   * @Acton:
   */
  public class TestObserverDemo{
  
      public static void main(String[] args){
          test1();
      }
  
      public static void test1(){
          //创建目标对象
          ConcreteSubject subject = new ConcreteSubject();
  
          //创建观察者
          ObserverA ob1 = new ObserverA();
          ObserverA ob2 = new ObserverA();
          ObserverA ob3 = new ObserverA();
  
          //添加到目标对象的容器中
          subject.addObserver(ob1);
          subject.addObserver(ob2);
          subject.addObserver(ob3);
  
          //改变subject对象的状态
          subject.set(20000);
  
          //观察者的状态发生了变化
          System.out.println(subject.getState());
          System.out.println(subject.getState());
          System.out.println(subject.getState());
  
          //改变subject对象的状态
          subject.set(50000);
  
          //观察者的状态发生了变化
          System.out.println(subject.getState());
          System.out.println(subject.getState());
          System.out.println(subject.getState());
  
      }
  }
  

   

关系图结构图

• 自己创建的
  
• 系统API创建的