lua - lua元表实现面向对象

主要通过extern.lua中的clone和class方法实现。

function clone(object)
    local lookup_table = {}
    local function _copy(object)
        if type(object) ~= "table" then
            return object
        elseif lookup_table[object] then
            return lookup_table[object]
        end
        local new_table = {}
        lookup_table[object] = new_table
        for key, value in pairs(object) do
            new_table[_copy(key)] = _copy(value)
        end
        return setmetatable(new_table, getmetatable(object))
    end
    return _copy(object)
end

--Create an class.
function class(classname, ...)
    
    local function search(k,plist)
        for i = 1,#plist do
            local v = plist[i][k]
            if v then
                return v 
            end
        end
    end

    local super = nil
    local supers = nil
    if arg.n == 1 then
        super = arg[1]
    else
        supers = arg
    end

    local superType = type(super)
    local cls

    if superType ~= "function" and superType ~= "table" then
        superType = nil
        super = nil
    end

    if superType == "function" or (super and super.__ctype == 1) then
        -- inherited from native C++ Object
        cls = {}

        if superType == "table" then
            -- copy fields from super
            for k,v in pairs(super) do cls[k] = v end
            cls.__create = super.__create
            cls.super    = super
        else
            cls.__create = super
        end

        cls.Ctor    = function() end
        cls.__cname = classname
        cls.__ctype = 1

        function cls.new(...)
            local instance = cls.__create(...)
            -- copy fields from class to native object
            for k,v in pairs(cls) do instance[k] = v end
            instance.class = cls
            instance:Ctor(...)
            return instance
        end

    else
        -- inherited from Lua Object
        local tIndex = nil 
        if super then
            cls = clone(super)
            cls.super = super
            tIndex = cls
        elseif supers then
            cls = {Ctor = function() end}
            local tsu = clone(supers)
            cls.super = setmetatable({}, {__index = function(t,k)
                return search(k,tsu)
            end})
            local tcls = clone(supers)
            table.insert(tcls,1,cls)
            tIndex = function(t,k)
                return search(k,tcls)
            end
        else
            cls = {Ctor = function() end}
            tIndex = cls
        end

        cls.__cname = classname
        cls.__ctype = 2 -- lua
        cls.__index = tIndex

        function cls.new(...)
            local instance = setmetatable({}, cls)
            instance.class = cls
            instance:Ctor(...)
            return instance
        end
    end

    return cls
end

其中clone父类是通过深拷贝保护父类信息。

继承关系为：super父类 - cls子类 - 返回示例instance（即对象）。

__index元方法作用:为子类指定父类搜索域。