UNP2——第4章：管道和FIFO

概念

UNP（卷2：进程间通信）—— 第4章：管道和FIFO

代码

1. 使用两个管道的客户-服务端程序

#include	"unpipc.h"

void	client(int, int), server(int, int);

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int		pipe1[2], pipe2[2];
	pid_t	childpid;

	Pipe(pipe1);	/* create two pipes */
	Pipe(pipe2);

	if ( (childpid = Fork()) == 0) {		/* child */
		Close(pipe1[1]);
		Close(pipe2[0]);

		server(pipe1[0], pipe2[1]);
		exit(0);
	}
		/* 4parent */
	Close(pipe1[0]);
	Close(pipe2[1]);

	client(pipe2[0], pipe1[1]);

	Waitpid(childpid, NULL, 0);		/* wait for child to terminate */
	exit(0);
}

2. 全双工管道

3. popen 和 pclose

popen 函数，它创建一个管道并启动另外一个进程，该进程要么从该管道读出标准输入，要么往该管道写入标准输出。
command是一个shell命令行，

type：

（1）type为 r ，调用进程读进command的标准输出。

（2）type为 w，调用进程写进command的标准输入。

pclose函数关闭有popen创建的标准I/O流，等待其中的命令终止，然后返回shell的终止状态。

#include	"unpipc.h"

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	size_t	n;
	char	buff[MAXLINE], command[MAXLINE];
	FILE	*fp;

		/* 4read pathname */
	Fgets(buff, MAXLINE, stdin);
	n = strlen(buff);		/* fgets() guarantees null byte at end */
	if (buff[n-1] == '\n')
		n--;				/* delete newline from fgets() */

	snprintf(command, sizeof(command), "cat %s", buff);
	fp = Popen(command, "r");

		/* 4copy from pipe to standard output */
	while (Fgets(buff, MAXLINE, fp) != NULL)
		Fputs(buff, stdout);

	Pclose(fp);
	exit(0);
}

4. 使用两个 FIFO 的客户端服务端例子

可将其改成无亲缘关系的客户与服务端

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
 
int mkfifo(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);

#include	"unpipc.h"

#define	FIFO1	"/tmp/fifo.1"
#define	FIFO2	"/tmp/fifo.2"

void	client(int, int), server(int, int);

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int		readfd, writefd;
	pid_t	childpid;

		/* 4create two FIFOs; OK if they already exist */
	if ((mkfifo(FIFO1, FILE_MODE) < 0) && (errno != EEXIST))
		err_sys("can't create %s", FIFO1);
	if ((mkfifo(FIFO2, FILE_MODE) < 0) && (errno != EEXIST)) {
		unlink(FIFO1);
		err_sys("can't create %s", FIFO2);
	}

	if ( (childpid = Fork()) == 0) {		/* child */
		readfd = Open(FIFO1, O_RDONLY, 0);
		writefd = Open(FIFO2, O_WRONLY, 0);

		server(readfd, writefd);
		exit(0);
	}
		/* 4parent */
	writefd = Open(FIFO1, O_WRONLY, 0);
	readfd = Open(FIFO2, O_RDONLY, 0);

	client(readfd, writefd);

	Waitpid(childpid, NULL, 0);		/* wait for child to terminate */

	Close(readfd);
	Close(writefd);

	Unlink(FIFO1);
	Unlink(FIFO2);
	exit(0);
}