枚举类型

—源于《Java编程思想》

1.定义一个简单的枚举，该枚举继承java.lang.Enum类

public enum CityEnum {
    Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou
}

我们可以先看一下java.lang.Enum的属性、方法（可访问部分）

public abstract class Enum<E extends Enum<E>> implements Comparable<E>, Serializable {
    private final String name;

    public final String name() {
        return name;
    }
    //次序
    private final int ordinal;

    public final int ordinal() {
        return ordinal;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return name;
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object other) {
        return this == other;
    }

    public final int hashCode() {
        return super.hashCode();
    }

    public final int compareTo(E o) {
        Enum other = (Enum) o;
        Enum self = this;
        if (self.getClass() != other.getClass() && // optimization
                self.getDeclaringClass() != other.getDeclaringClass())
            throw new ClassCastException();
        return self.ordinal - other.ordinal;
    }

    public final Class<E> getDeclaringClass() {
        Class clazz = getClass();
        Class zuper = clazz.getSuperclass();
        return (zuper == Enum.class) ? clazz : zuper;
    }

    public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T> enumType, String name) {
        T result = enumType.enumConstantDirectory().get(name);
        if (result != null)
            return result;
        if (name == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("Name is null");
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("No enum constant " + enumType.getCanonicalName() + "." + name);
    }
}

然后写个测试方法测试枚举的相关功能

public class MainTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (CityEnum city : CityEnum.values()) {
            System.out.println(city + " ordinal:" + city.ordinal());
            System.out.println(city + ".compareTo(CityEnum.Shanghai):" + city.compareTo(CityEnum.Shanghai));
            System.out.println(city + ".equals(CityEnum.Shanghai):" + city.equals(CityEnum.Shanghai));
            System.out.println(city + " == CityEnum.Shanghai:" + (city == CityEnum.Shanghai));
            System.out.println(city + ".getDeclaringClass():" + city.getDeclaringClass());
            System.out.println(city + ".name():" + city.name());
            System.out.println("-----------------------------------");
        }
    }
}

输出结果为：

Beijing ordinal:0
Beijing.compareTo(CityEnum.Shanghai):-1
Beijing.equals(CityEnum.Shanghai):false
Beijing== CityEnum.Shanghai:false
Beijing.getDeclaringClass():class com.love.yu.maven.learn.CityEnum
Beijing.name():Beijing
-----------------------------------
Shanghai ordinal:1
Shanghai.compareTo(CityEnum.Shanghai):0
Shanghai.equals(CityEnum.Shanghai):true
Shanghai== CityEnum.Shanghai:true
Shanghai.getDeclaringClass():class com.love.yu.maven.learn.CityEnum
Shanghai.name():Shanghai
-----------------------------------
Guangzhou ordinal:2
Guangzhou.compareTo(CityEnum.Shanghai):1
Guangzhou.equals(CityEnum.Shanghai):false
Guangzhou== CityEnum.Shanghai:false
Guangzhou.getDeclaringClass():class com.love.yu.maven.learn.CityEnum
Guangzhou.name():Guangzhou
-----------------------------------

输出结果没有什么太大问题，但是发现了虽然用到了Enum.values()方法，但是java.lang.Enum中没有这个方法？
通过 反射 进行探秘

    public static Set<String> analyze(Class<?> enumClass) {
        Set<String> methods = new TreeSet<String>();
        for (Method m : enumClass.getMethods()) {
            methods.add(m.getName());
        }
        return methods;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<String> cityMethods = analyze(CityEnum.class);
        System.out.println("CityEnum:" + cityMethods);
        Set<String> enumMethods = analyze(Enum.class);
        System.out.println("Enum:" + enumMethods);
    }

输出结果为：

CityEnum:[compareTo, equals, getClass, getDeclaringClass, hashCode, name, notify, notifyAll, ordinal, toString, valueOf, values, wait]
Enum:[compareTo, equals, getClass, getDeclaringClass, hashCode, name, notify, notifyAll, ordinal, toString, valueOf, wait]

发现CityEnum多了个values()方法，这就是编译器插入到enum中的static方法。

2.构造枚举随机选取工具类

package com.love.yu.maven.learn.util;

import java.util.Random;

public class Enums {
    private static Random rand = new Random(47);

    public static <T extends Enum<T>> T random(Class<T> ec) {
        return random(ec.getEnumConstants());
    }

    public static <T> T random(T[] values) {
        return values[rand.nextInt(values.length)];
    }
}

其中：

<T extends Enum<T>> 表示T是一个enum实例
Class<T>  作为参数，利用Class对象得到enum实例的数组

测试：

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            System.out.println(Enums.random(CityEnum.class));
        }
    }

结果：

Guangzhou
Guangzhou
Shanghai
Guangzhou
Shanghai
Guangzhou
Shanghai
Guangzhou
Beijing
Shanghai