关于多继承和虚继承一点说明

一、派生类的基类还有共同的基类，且基类继承方式为virtual

class A{
public:
	int b;
	A(string &p){
		s = p;
		cout << "This is Class A G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~A(){
		cout << "This is Class A X:" << s << endl;
	}
private:
	string s;
};

class B1:virtual public A{
public:
	B1(string &p):A(p){
		sb1 = p;
		cout << "This is Class B1 G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~B1(){
		cout << "This is Class B1 X:" << sb1 << endl;
	}
private:
	string sb1;
};

class B2 :virtual public A{
public:
	B2(string &p):A(p){
		sb2 = p;
		cout << "This is Class B2 G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~B2(){
		cout << "This is Class B2 X:" << sb2 << endl;
	}
private:
	string sb2;
};

class C :public B1, public B2{
private:
	string sc;
public:
	C(string &p):B1(p),B2(p),A(p){     //特别注意！！加virtural的时候，还要加上类A的构造函数
		sc = p;
		cout << "This is Class C G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~C(){
		cout << "This is Class C X:" << sc << endl;
	}
};

virtual继承说明：

• 如上程序，B1 B2为virtual继承时，C的初始化列表中必须加上A的构造函数，即使C不为多继承，仅继承B1，其初始化列表也要加上A的构造函数初始化
• virtual继承后，C中仅有一个b，属于A类，而不存在B1::b和B2::b
• virtual继承后，仅执行一遍A类的构造函数，且是第一个执行的，之后再按继承顺序执行直接继承类的构造函数

二、派生类的基类还有共同的基类，且基类继承方式不为virtual

class A{
public:
	int b;
	A(string &p){
		s = p;
		cout << "This is Class A G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~A(){
		cout << "This is Class A X:" << s << endl;
	}
private:
	string s;
};

class B1: public A{
public:
	B1(string &p):A(p){
		sb1 = p;
		cout << "This is Class B1 G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~B1(){
		cout << "This is Class B1 X:" << sb1 << endl;
	}
private:
	string sb1;
};

class B2 : public A{
public:
	B2(string &p):A(p){
		sb2 = p;
		cout << "This is Class B2 G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~B2(){
		cout << "This is Class B2 X:" << sb2 << endl;
	}
private:
	string sb2;
};

class C :public B1, public B2{
private:
	string sc;
public:
	C(string &p):B1(p),B2(p){     //不加virtural的时候，就不用加上A的构造函数
		sc = p;
		cout << "This is Class C G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~C(){
		cout << "This is Class C X:" << sc << endl;
	}
};

说明：

• 第二基类不为virtual继承时，派生类不需要在其构造函数初始化列表中初始化第一基类，由其父类（第二基类）初始化时对第一基类进行初始化，且此时派生类中存在多个第一基类中的变量，分别属于其不同的父类，如上，B1::b，B2::b
• 构造函数的执行顺序，是派生类继承时声明的顺序，且第一基类的构造函数要执行多次（如上，A的构造函数执行了两次）

三、派生类的基类一个是virtual，一个是非virtual时

class A{
public:
	int b;
	A(string &p){
		s = p;
		cout << "This is Class A G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~A(){
		cout << "This is Class A X:" << s << endl;
	}
private:
	string s;
};

class B1: public A{
public:
	B1(string &p):A(p){
		sb1 = p;
		cout << "This is Class B1 G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~B1(){
		cout << "This is Class B1 X:" << sb1 << endl;
	}
private:
	string sb1;
};

class B2 :virtual public A{
public:
	B2(string &p):A(p){
		sb2 = p;
		cout << "This is Class B2 G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~B2(){
		cout << "This is Class B2 X:" << sb2 << endl;
	}
private:
	string sb2;
};

class C :public B1, public B2{
private:
	string sc;
public:
	C(string &p):B1(p),B2(p),A(p){     //这里报错，说A的构造函数执行时不明确，所以不能这么搞
		sc = p;
		cout << "This is Class C G:" << p << endl;
	}
	~C(){
		cout << "This is Class C X:" << sc << endl;
	}
};