1、netty最基本的服务端、客户端

注：源代码来自享学课堂，学习之后所做笔记，方便回顾，也给大家一个参考

1、引入nettyjar包

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.28.Final</version>
</dependency>

2、Client主函数

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class EchoClient {

    private final int port;
    private final String host;

    public EchoClient(int port, String host) {
        this.port = port;
        this.host = host;
    }
    //netty的标准程序基本都是下面这个流程
    public void start() throws InterruptedException {
        /*线程组*/
        //用于接收客户端的链接
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        //处理IO相关的读写操作，或者执行系统Task、定时任务Task等
        EventLoopGroup workGroup= new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            /*客户端启动必备，服务端使用ServerBootstrap*/
            Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup ,workGroup)
                    /*指明使用NIO进行网络通讯*/
                .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    /*配置远程服务器的地址，服务器端就是配置LocalAdderss*/
                .remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress(host,port))
                    //这里配置我们自定义的handler，netty主要就是写各种各样的handler
                .handler(new EchoClientHandler());
            /*连接到远程节点，阻塞等待直到连接完成*/
            ChannelFuture f = b.connect().sync();
            /*阻塞，直到channel关闭*/
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            //阻塞关闭线程组
            group.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        new EchoClient(8080,"127.0.0.1").start();
    }
}

2、自定义客户端Handler

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

//SimpleChannelInboundHandler帮我们封装好了很多东西，客户端和服务端都是使用ByteBuf通信的
public class EchoClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {

    /*客户端读取到服务器发送过来的数据了，在这里做处理*/
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Client accetp:"+msg.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
    }

    /*客户端被通知channel活跃以后，做事*/
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Hello,Netty",
                CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
    }

    //客户端读取数据完毕之后做事
    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("channelReadComplete");
    }

    //发生异常的处理
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}

4、Server端主函数

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class EchoServer  {

    private final int port;

    public EchoServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        int port = 8080;
        EchoServer echoServer = new EchoServer(port);
        System.out.println("服务器即将启动");
        echoServer.start();
        System.out.println("服务器关闭");
    }

    //代码大致和客户端相同，不同1\ServerBootstrap,2\childHandler
    public void start() throws InterruptedException {
        /*线程组*/
        EventLoopGroup parentGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup childGroup= new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();/*服务端启动必备*/
            //parentGroup 是给父类的，
            b.group(parentGroup ,childGroup)
                    /*指明使用NIO进行网络通讯*/
            .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    //.channel(EpollServerSocketChannel.class)
                    /*指明服务器监听端口*/
                    .localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port))
                    /*接收到连接请求，新启一个socket通信，也就是channel，每个channel
                    * 有自己的事件的handler*/
                    .childOption(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY,true)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
                        }
                    });
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind().sync();/*绑定到端口，阻塞等待直到连接完成*/
            /*阻塞，直到channel关闭*/
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }
}

5、server端的Handler

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

/*指明我这个handler可以在多个channel之间共享，意味这个实现必须线程安全的。*/
@ChannelHandler.Sharable//如果不加这个注解，主函数在.childHandler(new EchoServerHandler()),确保每个链接都单独的handler
public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    /*** 服务端读取到网络数据后的处理*/
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf)msg;/*netty实现的缓冲区*/
        System.out.println("Server Accept:"+in.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        ctx.write(in);
    }

    /*** 服务端读取完成网络数据后的处理*/
    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx)
            throws Exception {
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER)/*flush掉所有的数据*/
                .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);/*当flush完成后，关闭连接*/
    }

    /*** 发生异常后的处理*/
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
            throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}

6、运行结果

server

服务器即将启动
Server Accept:Hello,Netty

client

Client accetp:Hello,Netty
channelReadComplete
channelReadComplete

Process finished with exit code 0

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