建造者模式

适用于某个对象构造过程复杂的情况，实现了构建和装配的解耦。主要包含builder和Director。常见应用场景：StringBuilder中append方法，sql中preparedStatement。

下面看一个具体的场景：比如我要构造一个台灯，需要以下几部分组成：灯泡、支架、底座。

台灯类：

public class DeskLamp {
    private Bulb bulb;
    private Bracket bracket;
    private Base base;

    public DeskLamp(Bulb bulb, Bracket bracket, Base base) {
        this.bulb = bulb;
        this.bracket = bracket;
        this.base = base;
    }

    public Bulb getBulb() {
        return bulb;
    }

    public void setBulb(Bulb bulb) {
        this.bulb = bulb;
    }

    public Bracket getBracket() {
        return bracket;
    }

    public void setBracket(Bracket bracket) {
        this.bracket = bracket;
    }

    public Base getBase() {
        return base;
    }

    public void setBase(Base base) {
        this.base = base;
    }
}
//灯泡类
class Bulb{
    private String name;

    public Bulb(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//支架类
class Bracket{
    private String name;

    public Bracket(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//底座类
class Base{
    private String name;

    public Base(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

台灯Builder接口

public interface DeskLampBuilder {
    Bulb buildBulb();
    Bracket buildBracket();
    Base buildBase();
}

晨光牌台灯类

public class chenguangBuilder implements DeskLampBuilder {
    @Override
    public Bulb buildBulb() {
        System.out.println("构建灯泡");
        //这里可以和工厂模式结合起来
        return new Bulb("晨光");
    }

    @Override
    public Bracket buildBracket() {
        System.out.println("构建支架");
        return new Bracket("晨光");
    }

    @Override
    public Base buildBase() {
        System.out.println("构建底座");
        return new Base("晨光");
    }
}

台灯Director

public interface Director {
    DeskLamp directDeskLamp();
}

具体Director类

public class DeskLampDirector implements Director {
    //持有builder对象
    private DeskLampBuilder builder;

    public DeskLampDirector(DeskLampBuilder builder) {
        this.builder = builder;
    }

    @Override
    public DeskLamp directDeskLamp() {
        Base base = builder.buildBase();
        Bracket bracket = builder.buildBracket();
        Bulb bulb = builder.buildBulb();
        return new DeskLamp(bulb,bracket,base);
    }
}

测试类

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Director director = new DeskLampDirector(new chenguangBuilder());
        DeskLamp deskLamp = director.directDeskLamp();
        System.out.println(deskLamp.getBulb());
    }
}

最后的输出结果如下：
构建底座
构建支架
构建灯泡
build.Bulb@4554617c