Android Studio3.0之NDK环境搭建

最近在公司项目中需要用到串口通讯扫描头，所以需要已有项目中进行NDK开发，故将NDK环境搭建过程记录，并编写测试demo验证。
1.配置NDK环境
下载ndk需要的工具：打开SDKManager 然后选择SDK Tools

理论上以上三个都可以在这里下载并安装，如果下载失败，可以自行去浏览器下载，下载地址：https://developer.android.google.cn/ndk/downloads/
下载完成以后打开 File – Project Structure – SDK Location

如果是通过SDK Tools下载成功的，点击 Select default NDK就好了，如果是通过浏览器自行下载的，就如上图一样，需要选择NDK的安装路径

2.创建项目并开始NDK开发

• 第一步：创建一个普通项目
  
• 第二步：创建一个 HelloNDK.java 的一个类

public class HelloNDK {

   // 动态导入 so 库
   static {
       System.loadLibrary("HelloNDK");
   }

   //创建一个 native 方法
   public native static String helloWorld();
}

• 第三步：创建 C 语言文件，创建 so 库
  在命令行中执行如下代码：
  cd app/src/main/java/
javah com.hanshow.ndkdemo.HelloNDK
  生成了一个com_hanshow_ndkdemo_HelloNDK.h 文件
  然后在main目录下创建cpp目录，并将上面生成的.h文件移动到该目录
  com_hanshow_ndkdemo_HelloNDK.h代码如下：

/* DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - it is machine generated */
#include <jni.h>
/* Header for class com_hanshow_ndkdemo_HelloNDK */

#ifndef _Included_com_hanshow_ndkdemo_HelloNDK
#define _Included_com_hanshow_ndkdemo_HelloNDK
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/*
* Class:     com_hanshow_ndkdemo_HelloNDK
* Method:    helloWorld
* Signature: ()Ljava/lang/String;
*/
JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_com_hanshow_ndkdemo_HelloNDK_helloWorld
 (JNIEnv *, jobject);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif

注意：需要手动把入参中的第二个参数改为jobject，否则会报java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: No implementation found for java.lang.String这个错误。

• 编写 c++ 实现方法
  在cpp目录下创建HelloNDK.h和HelloNDK.cpp文件，并在HelloNDK.cpp编写如下代码：

#include "HelloNDK.h"
#include "com_hanshow_ndkdemo_HelloNDK.h"

JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_com_hanshow_ndkdemo_HelloNDK_helloWorld
(JNIEnv *env, jobject jobject1){

  return env->NewStringUTF("hello this is a ndk test");
}

• 创建一个 CMakeLists.txt 文件
  在app目录下创建CMakeLists.txt，然后复制如下代码：

# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
# documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html
# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)

# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
# or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
# You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
# Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.
add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
           HelloNDK

           # Sets the library as a shared library.
           SHARED

           # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
           src/main/cpp/HelloNDK.cpp )

# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
# variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
# default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
# you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
# completing its build.

find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
            log-lib

            # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
            # you want CMake to locate.
            log )

# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.

target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
                    HelloNDK

                     # Links the target library to the log library
                     # included in the NDK.
                     ${log-lib} )

• 引用 CMakeLists.txt 文件
  在app目录下的build.gradle中加上如下代码：
  
• 生成so文件
  
  然后我们去build目录下找对应的.so文件
  
  最后我们在MainActivity 中打印 HelloNDK的 helloWorld() 方法获取到的 String 值：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
      Log.i("NDK_info:" , HelloNDK.helloWorld());
  }
}

然后运行，查看日志：

然后我们就查看到了我们获取的 String 了，“hello this is a ndk test”，就是我们在 C 语言文件中所返回的字符串。