在分析驱动程序之前我们再来分析一下I2C子系统的模型。I2C的设备驱动中有2中方式,一种是通过通用驱动来编写用户驱动。另一种就是直接在I2C子系统中添加一个I2C的设备驱动,比如说针对AT24C02的驱动程序,接下来我们来学习怎么编写一个I2C设备驱动。
1.驱动程序分析
- 我们先在Linux内核代码中打开一个叫做At24.c的文件,只要是属于AT24开头的设备都可以使用这个驱动。我们接下来分析这个驱动。
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static struct i2c_driver at24_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "at24",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
.probe = at24_probe,
.remove = __devexit_p(at24_remove),
.id_table = at24_ids,
};
static int __init at24_init(void)
{
io_limit = rounddown_pow_of_two(io_limit);
return i2c_add_driver(&at24_driver);
}
module_init(at24_init);
static void __exit at24_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&at24_driver);
}
module_exit(at24_exit);
- 初始化函数中主要是注册一个I2C设备驱动。我们分析(&at24_driver)里面的成员,比较重要的成员有2个,一个是probe函数,另一个是at24_ids,这里面存放支持AT24设备的ID列表,比如说AT24C02,AT24C08等等,有兴趣的可以看一下这个表。
- 我们接下来分析probe函数。这个函数很长,如果要做到读懂每一行代码肯定是非常难的,我们最基本的应该掌握这个函数大概的流程和中心。比如说注册某个东西,创建某个东西,初始化某个东西。
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int at24_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
{
struct at24_platform_data chip;
bool writable;
bool use_smbus = false;
struct at24_data *at24;
int err;
unsigned i, num_addresses;
kernel_ulong_t magic;
if (client->dev.platform_data) {
chip = *(struct at24_platform_data *)client->dev.platform_data;
} else {
if (!id->driver_data) {
err = -ENODEV;
goto err_out;
}
magic = id->driver_data;
chip.byte_len = BIT(magic & AT24_BITMASK(AT24_SIZE_BYTELEN));
magic >>= AT24_SIZE_BYTELEN;
chip.flags = magic & AT24_BITMASK(AT24_SIZE_FLAGS);
/*
* This is slow, but we can't know all eeproms, so we better
* play safe. Specifying custom eeprom-types via platform_data
* is recommended anyhow.
*/
chip.page_size = 1;
chip.setup = NULL;
chip.context = NULL;
}
if (!is_power_of_2(chip.byte_len))
dev_warn(&client->dev,
"byte_len looks suspicious (no power of 2)!\n");
if (!is_power_of_2(chip.page_size))
dev_warn(&client->dev,
"page_size looks suspicious (no power of 2)!\n");
/* Use I2C operations unless we're stuck with SMBus extensions. */
if (!i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter, I2C_FUNC_I2C)) {
if (chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_ADDR16) {
err = -EPFNOSUPPORT;
goto err_out;
}
if (!i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter,
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_I2C_BLOCK)) {
err = -EPFNOSUPPORT;
goto err_out;
}
use_smbus = true;
}
if (chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_TAKE8ADDR)
num_addresses = 8;