多线程的实现方式(常见四种)
1、继承Thread类,重写run方法。示例代码如下:
package org.example.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class ThreadTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Producer producer = new Producer();
producer.start();
}
}
class Producer extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("生产" + i);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
2、实现Runnable接口,重写run方法。示例代码如下:
package org.example.thread;
public class ThreadTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Producer producer = new Producer();
new Thread(producer).start();
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("生产" + i);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
3、实现Callable接口,重写call方法,然后结合FutureTask类创建线程。示例代码如下:
package org.example.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
public class ThreadTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Producer producer = new Producer();
FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(producer);
new Thread(futureTask).start();
//获取线程返回值
try {
String result = futureTask.get();
System.out.println(result);
} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
class Producer implements Callable<String> {
@Override
public String call() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("生产" + i);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
return "线程执行完毕";
}
}
Producer类实现了Callable接口,重写了带返回值的call方法,但是Thread类的构造函数不接受Callable类型的参数,所以这里用到FutureTask这个泛型类进行串联。
FutureTask类同时实现了Runnable接口 和 Future接口,可以传入Thread类构造函数来创建线程;同时它内部有一个Callable类型的成员变量可以通过构造函数进行赋值,线程运行时调用的run方法内部又调用了该Callable成员的call方法,而call方法正是我们可以自己实现的。这样Callable接口、Runnable接口 和 Thread类就被FutureTask这个类串起来了。
Future是用来检查和获取异步计算结果的接口。Future接口内部定义了取消任务的cancel方法、获取任务状态的isCancelled、isDone方法 和获取任务返回值的get方法。get方法是阻塞的,需要等任务执行完毕或者达到参数传入的限定时间,才会继续往下走。
4、使用线程池。示例代码如下:
package org.example.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class ThreadTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Producer producer = new Producer();
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
threadPool.execute(producer);
//关闭线程池,该方法会等待所有任务执行完毕后关闭。
threadPool.shutdown();
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("生产" + i);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}