5.1 基本概念
- 通常情况下编写代码都是固定的,无论运行多少次执行的结果也是固定的,在某些特殊场合中编写代码时不确定要创建什么类型的对象,也不确定要调用什么样的方法,这些都希望通过运行时传递的参数来决定,该机制叫做动态编程技术,也就是反射机制
- 通俗来说, 反射机制就是用于动态创建对象并且动态调用方法的机制
- 目前主流的框架底层都是采用反射机制实现的
5.2 Class类
基本概念
- java.lang.Class类的实例可以用于描述Java应用程序中的类和接口,也就是一种数据类型
- 该类没有公共构造方法,该类的实例由Java虚拟机和类加载器自动构造完成,本质上就是加载到内存中的运行时类
获取Class对象的方式
- 使用 数据类型.class 的方式可以获取对应类型的Class对象(掌握)
- 使用 Class.forName() 的方式来获取参数指定类型的Class对象(掌握)
- 参数里的要求是完整式类名,即要加上包名,如java.lang.String
- 使用引用/对象.getClass()的方式可以获取对应类型的Class对象
- 使用包装类.TYPE的方式可以获取对应基本数据类型的Class对象
- 使用类加载器ClassLoader的方式获取指定类型的Class对象
public class ClassTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Class c1 = String.class;
System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
c1 = int.class;
System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
c1 = void.class;
System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
String str1 = new String("Hello");
c1 = str1.getClass();
System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
Integer it1 = 20;
c1 = it1.getClass();
System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
int num = 5;
c1 = Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
c1 = Integer.class;
System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
c1 = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
c1 = Class.forName("java.util.Date");
System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
ClassLoader classLoader = ClassTest.class.getClassLoader();
c1 = classLoader.loadClass("java.lang.Integer");
System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
}
}
常用方法(掌握)
public class PersonConstructorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Person p1 = new Person();
System.out.println("p1 = " + p1);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("d:/a.txt")));
String str1 = br.readLine();
Class c1 = Class.forName(str1);
System.out.println(c1.newInstance());
br.close();
}
}
5.3 Constructor类
基本概念
- java.lang.reflect.Constructor类主要用于描述获取到的构造方法信息
Class类的常用方法
Constructor类的常用方法
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("d:/a.txt")));
String str1 = br.readLine();
Class c1 = Class.forName(str1);
Constructor constructor = c1.getConstructor();
System.out.println("无参方式创建的对象:" + constructor.newInstance());
br.close();
Person p2 = new Person("张飞",30);
System.out.println(p2);
Constructor constructor1 = c1.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
System.out.println(constructor1.newInstance("张飞",30));
Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
for (Constructor ct : constructors) {
System.out.println("获取方法的访问修饰符:" + ct.getModifiers());
System.out.println("获取方法的名称:" + ct.getName());
Class[] parameterTypes = ct.getParameterTypes();
for (Class cl : parameterTypes) {
System.out.println(cl);
}
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
5.4 field类
基本概念
- java.lang.reflect.Field类主要用于描述获取到的单个成员变量信息
Class类的常用方法
public class PersonField {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Person p1 = new Person("张飞",30);
System.out.println(p1.getName());
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.lagou.task20.Person");
Constructor constructor = c1.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
Object obj = constructor.newInstance("张飞", 30);
Field field = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
field.setAccessible(true);
System.out.println("获取到的成员变量数值为:" + field.get(obj));
p1.setName("guanyu");
System.out.println(p1.getName());
field.set(obj, "liubei");
System.out.println(field.get(obj));
Field[] declaredFields = c1.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field ft : declaredFields) {
System.out.println("获取访问修饰符:" + ft.getModifiers());
System.out.println("获取成员变量名称:" + ft.getName());
System.out.println("获取数据类型:" + ft.getType());
}
}
}
5.5 Method类
- java.lang.reflect.Method类主要用于描述获取到的单个成员方法信息
Class类中常用方法
Method类中常用方法
public class PersonMethodTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Person p1 = new Person("zhangfei", 30);
System.out.println("调用方法的返回值是:" + p1.getName());
System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------");
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.lagou.task20.Person");
Constructor constructor = c1.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
Object object = constructor.newInstance("zhangfei", 30);
Method method = c1.getMethod("getName");
System.out.println("调用方法的返回值是:" + method.invoke(object));
System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------");
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();
for (Method mt : methods) {
System.out.println("成员方法的修饰符是:" + mt.getModifiers());
System.out.println("成员方法的返回值类型是:" + mt.getReturnType());
System.out.println("成员方法的名称是:" + mt.getName());
System.out.println("成员方法形参列表的类型是:");
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = mt.getParameterTypes();
for (Class ct : parameterTypes) {
System.out.print(ct + " ");
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("成员方法的异常类型列表是:");
Class<?>[] exceptionTypes = mt.getExceptionTypes();
for (Class ct: exceptionTypes) {
System.out.print(ct + " ");
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("---------------------------------------------------");
}
}
}
5.6 获取其它结构信息
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
public class StudentTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.lagou.task20.Student");
System.out.println("获取到的包信息是:" + c1.getPackage());
System.out.println("获取到的父类信息是:" + c1.getSuperclass());
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("获取到的接口信息是:");
Class[] interfaces = c1.getInterfaces();
for (Class ct : interfaces) {
System.out.print(ct + " ");
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("获取到的注解信息是:");
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation at : annotations) {
System.out.print(at + " ");
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("获取到的泛型信息是:");
Type[] genericInterfaces = c1.getGenericInterfaces();
for (Type tt : genericInterfaces) {
System.out.print(tt + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
@MyAnnotation
public class Student<T, E> extends Person implements Comparable<String>, Serializable {
@Override
public int compareTo(String o) {
return 0;
}
}
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface MyAnnotation {
}
总结
- 反射机制要理解透彻,为以后框架的学习打下基础