运算符重载

#include<iostream>


using namespace std;


class Complex{
private://类内初始化
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>double real=0;
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>double image=0;
public:
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>Complex() = default;//当存在构造函数时,系统不会合成默认构造函数这将导致无法完成类内初始化，除非显示调用Complex() = default;
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>Complex(double r, double i) :real(r), image(i){}//类内定义将默认为inline
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>Complex(double d){ real = d; image = 0; }//转换构造函数
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>//friend Complex operator+(Complex&, Complex&);引用实际上是传址，所以当其中一个参数非complex类型时，就无法调用转换构造函数
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, Complex&);//将返回的引用作为左值
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>friend Complex operator+(Complex, Complex);//双目运数符应声明为友元
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>/*operator double(){ return real; }类型转换函数，complex型转成double。c = c1 + 2.5中，当类型转换函数与转换构造函数同时存在会导致二义
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>性：是double+double;还是complex+complex?*/
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>//类型转换函数和转换构造函数有共同特点：当运行过程中需要它时编绎系统会自动调用，建立临时对象或变量
};

#include"complex.h"


Complex operator+(Complex c1, Complex c2){
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.image + c2.image);
}


ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, Complex& c ){
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>output << "(" << c.real << "," << c.image << ")" << endl;
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>return output;
}

#include"complex.h"

inline void show(Complex& c){ cout << c; }

int main(){
	Complex c1(1, 2), c2(3, 4), c;
	c = c1 + c2;
	show(c);
	c = c1 + 2.5;
	show(c);
	return 0;
}

对于运算符"+"的重载有些人会这么做:"complex operator+(complex )",那么"c1+c2<=>c1.operator+(c2),"这样"c1+2.5可以运行,但2.5+c1却不行",这是不符合加法交
换律的.所以对于双目运算符应如此说明:"friend Complex operator+(Complex, Complex)"<span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="white-space: normal;">
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