python自动化单元测试工具----doctest

unit testing
An automatic procedure used to validate that individual units of code are working properly. Python has doctest built in for this purpose.

doctest是python内置模块，用于进行简单的单元测试
Doctests在函数或脚本体的第一行写入三引号，由简单的解释语、一系列输入和期望输出组成。
doctest模块会自动执行由>>>开头的任何声明，然后输出结果与注释器的期望结果进行比较
Python has a built-in doctest module for easy unit testing. Doctests can be written within a triple quoted string on the first line of the body of a function or script. They consist of sample interpreter sessions with a series of inputs to a Python prompt followed by the expected output from the Python interpreter.

The doctest module automatically runs any statement begining with >>> and compares the following line with the output from the interpreter.

例：

def is_divisible_by_2_or_5(n):
    """
      >>> is_divisible_by_2_or_5(8)
      True
      >>> is_divisible_by_2_or_5(7)
      False
      >>> is_divisible_by_2_or_5(5)
      True
      >>> is_divisible_by_2_or_5(9)
      False
    """
    return n % 2 == 0 or n % 5 == 0

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

运行结果：

c:\>python myfunctions.py -v
Trying:
    is_divisible_by_2_or_5(8)
Expecting:
    True
ok
Trying:
    is_divisible_by_2_or_5(7)
Expecting:
    False
ok
Trying:
    is_divisible_by_2_or_5(5)
Expecting:
    True
ok
Trying:
    is_divisible_by_2_or_5(9)
Expecting:
    False
ok
1 items had no tests:
    __main__
1 items passed all tests:
   4 tests in __main__.is_divisible_by_2_or_5
4 tests in 2 items.
4 passed and 0 failed.
Test passed.