Avrdude + 非标USBasp 实现Arduino下载自由

工作环境：win10 64bit， AVRDUDE.exe, 便宜的USBasp下载器

目的: 使用命令行下载hex到ATMEGA2560;

  下载AVRDUDE, 在该网络链接：http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/avrdude/; 下载到文件 avrdude-6.3-mingw32.zip, 解压后得到avrdude.conf与avrdude.exe。

方法1：通过USBasp,下载stk500boot_v2_mega2560.hex到atmega2560芯片。

命令行如下：

avrdude.exe -C avrdude.conf -v -p atmega2560 -c usbasp -P usb -D -U flash:w:stk500boot_v2_mega2560.hex:i

avrdude.exe -C avrdude.conf -v -p atmega2560 -c usbasp -P usb -e -U lock:w:0x3F:m -U efuse:w:0xFD:m -U hfuse:w:0xD8:m -U lfuse:w:0xFF:m -D -U flash:w:stk500boot_v2_mega2560.hex:i

可以看到命令的执行过程和结果：

avrdude.exe: Version 6.3, compiled on Feb 17 2016 at 09:25:53
             Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
             Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch

             System wide configuration file is "avrdude.conf"

             Using Port                    : usb
             Using Programmer              : usbasp
             AVR Part                      : ATmega2560
             Chip Erase delay              : 9000 us
             PAGEL                         : PD7
             BS2                           : PA0
             RESET disposition             : dedicated
             RETRY pulse                   : SCK
             serial program mode           : yes
             parallel program mode         : yes
             Timeout                       : 200
             StabDelay                     : 100
             CmdexeDelay                   : 25
             SyncLoops                     : 32
             ByteDelay                     : 0
             PollIndex                     : 3
             PollValue                     : 0x53
             Memory Detail                 :

                                      Block Poll               Page                       Polled
               Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  MaxW   ReadBack
               ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
               eeprom        65    10     8    0 no       4096    8      0  9000  9000 0x00 0x00
               flash         65    10   256    0 yes    262144  256   1024  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
               lfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  9000 0x00 0x00
               hfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  9000 0x00 0x00
               efuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  9000 0x00 0x00
               lock           0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  9000  9000 0x00 0x00
               calibration    0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0     0     0 0x00 0x00
               signature      0     0     0    0 no          3    0      0     0     0 0x00 0x00

             Programmer Type : usbasp
             Description     : USBasp, http://www.fischl.de/usbasp/

avrdude.exe: auto set sck period (because given equals null)
avrdude.exe: warning: cannot set sck period. please check for usbasp firmware update.
avrdude.exe: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s

avrdude.exe: Device signature = 0x1e9801 (probably m2560)
avrdude.exe: safemode: hfuse reads as D8
avrdude.exe: safemode: efuse reads as FD
avrdude.exe: reading input file "stk500boot_v2_mega2560.hex"
avrdude.exe: writing flash (261406 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.12s

avrdude.exe: 261406 bytes of flash written
avrdude.exe: verifying flash memory against stk500boot_v2_mega2560.hex:
avrdude.exe: load data flash data from input file stk500boot_v2_mega2560.hex:
avrdude.exe: input file stk500boot_v2_mega2560.hex contains 261406 bytes
avrdude.exe: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.10s

avrdude.exe: verifying ...
avrdude.exe: 261406 bytes of flash verified

avrdude.exe: safemode: hfuse reads as D8
avrdude.exe: safemode: efuse reads as FD
avrdude.exe: safemode: Fuses OK (E:FD, H:D8, L:FF)

avrdude.exe done.  Thank you.

方法2：通过串口COM1,就下载test.hex到atmega2560芯片(前提stk500boot_v2_mega2560.hex已经下载成功）。

avrdude.exe -C avrdude.conf -v -p atmega2560 -c wiring -P COM1 -b 115200 -D -U flash:w:test.hex:i