假设我们去蛋糕店买蛋糕。下单后,店员一边递给我们提货单,一边说“请您傍晚再来取蛋糕”。到了傍晚,我们就拿着提货单取蛋糕。这时,店员会先和我们说“您的蛋糕已经做好了”。然后将蛋糕递给了我们。
Future的意思是未来,期货。假设有一个方法需要花费很长时间才能获取运行结果,那么,与其一直等待结果,不如先拿一张“提货单”。获取提货单并不耗费时间。这里的“提货单”我们就称为Future角色。
获取Future角色的线程会在稍后使用Future角色来获取运行结果。这与凭着提货单去取蛋糕非常相识。如果运行结果已经出来了,那么直接获取即可;如果运行结果还没有出来,那么需要等待结果出来。
package com.future;
public interface Data {
public abstract String getContent();
}
package com.future;
public class FutureData implements Data{
private RealData realData;
private boolean ready = false;
public synchronized void setRealData(RealData realData){
if(ready){
return;
}
this.realData = realData;
this.ready = true;
notifyAll();
}
@Override
public synchronized String getContent() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
while(!ready){
try {
wait();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
return realData.getContent();
}
}
package com.future;
public class Host {
public Data request(final int count, final char c){
System.out.println(" request(" + count + ", "+ c + ") BEGIN");
//(1)创建FutureData的实例
final FutureData future = new FutureData();
//(2)启动一个线程, 用于创建RealData 的实例
new Thread(){
public void run() {
RealData realData = new RealData(count, c);
future.setRealData(realData);
};
}.start();
System.out.println(" request(" + count + ", " + c + ") END");
//(3)返回FutureData的实例
return future;
}
}
package com.future;
public class RealData implements Data{
private final String content;
public RealData(int count, char c) {
System.out.println(" making RealData(" + count + ", " + c + ") BEGIN");
char [] buffer = new char[count];
for(int i = 0; i < count;i++){
buffer[i] = c;
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
System.out.println(" making RealData(" + count + ", " + c + ") END");
this.content = new String(buffer);
}
@Override
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
}
package com.future;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Host host = new Host();
Data data1 = host.request(10, 'A');
Data data2 = host.request(20, 'B');
Data data3 = host.request(30, 'C');
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
System.out.println("data1 = " + data1.getContent());
System.out.println("data2 = " + data2.getContent());
System.out.println("data3 = " + data3.getContent());
}
}