- pom:需要引入的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
- ideal添加插件:Junit Generator,使用快捷键:打开代码,选择要创建test的类,ctrl+shift+t,自动生成的代码默认在test.java下(路径可改,在Junit Generator下修改)
- 添加测试配置,1中注解中的application-test.yml,找的resource,新建
配置内容:
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_sys?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=true
username: root
password: root
jpa:
show-sql: true
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
server:
port: 8183
根据需要添加,比如redis等
- 首先在test.java下创建BaseTest,测试基类,目的在于省去每个test写注解,和相同的方法
package com.xxkj.passport;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@TestPropertySource(locations = {"classpath:application-test.yml"})
@SpringBootTest
public abstract class BaseTest {
}
可以根据情况添加默认查询方法,比如:权限查询,用户查询等
5、选中要test的类(code中的),ctrl+shift+t,填入基类,勾选需要测试的方法。如:
package com.xxkj.passport.controller;
import com.xxkj.passport.BaseTest;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class AuthControllerTest extends BaseTest {
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext context;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
}
@Test
public void register() {
System.out.println("!!!!");
Assert.assertThat("aaa", is("aab"));
}
}
右键运行即可。断言语句 is() 需要alt+enter引入import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;,关于断言语句见附录1,关于注解见附录2。
control层测试,使用MockMVC
- 使用mockmvc测试控制层代码
package com.xxkj.passport.controller;
import com.xxkj.passport.BaseTest;
import com.xxkj.passport.dto.UserDetails;
import com.xxkj.passport.entity.User;
import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpSession;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import java.util.List;
import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class AuthControllerTest extends BaseTest {
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext context;
private MockMvc mvc;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context).build();// 使用WebApplicationContext初始化mockMVC
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
}
@Test
public void register() throws Exception {
String json = "{'admin':'admin'}";
Assert.assertThat(json, is("{'admin':'admin'}"));// 可作为数据检查
//发送post请求
mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("register")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
.content(json.getBytes())
/*.session(new MockHttpSession())*/
).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
//Spring Boot Web 测试 带返回结果
ParameterizedTypeReference<List<UserDetails>> type = new ParameterizedTypeReference<List<UserDetails>>() {};
ResponseEntity<List<UserDetails>> result = restTemplate.exchange("/get", HttpMethod.GET, null, type);
Assert.assertThat(result.getBody().get(0).getUsername(), Matchers.notNullValue());
}
}
关于Mock详情见http://www.importnew.com/21540.html
参数化测试
//1.更改默认的测试运行器为RunWith(Parameterized.class)
@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
public class ParameterTest {
// 2.声明变量存放预期值和测试数据
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
//3.声明一个返回值 为Collection的公共静态方法,并使用@Parameters进行修饰
@Parameterized.Parameters //
public static List<Object[]> param() {
// 这里我给出两个测试用例
return Arrays.asList(new Object[][]{{"Mike", "Black"}, {"Cilcln", "Smith"}});
}
//4.为测试类声明一个带有参数的公共构造函数,并在其中为之声明变量赋值
public ParameterTest(String firstName, String lastName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
// 5. 进行测试,发现它会将所有的测试用例测试一遍
@Test
public void test() {
String name = firstName + " " + lastName;
assertThat("Mike Black", is(name));
}
}
超时测试
方法前加注解@Test(timeout = 1000)
异常测试
方法前加注解@Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
套件测试
public class TaskOneTest {
@Test
public void test() {
System.out.println("Task one do.");
}
}
public class TaskTwoTest {
@Test
public void test() {
System.out.println("Task two do.");
}
}
public class TaskThreeTest {
@Test
public void test() {
System.out.println("Task Three.");
}
}
@RunWith(Suite.class) // 1. 更改测试运行方式为 Suite
// 2. 将测试类传入进来
@Suite.SuiteClasses({TaskOneTest.class, TaskTwoTest.class, TaskThreeTest.class})
public class SuitTest {
/**
* 测试套件的入口类只是组织测试类一起进行测试,无任何测试方法,
*/
}
事务控制
在@Test注解下添加@Transactional
使用的数据库要支持事务(如:mysql的innodb)
关闭回滚加注解@Rollback(false)
附录:
1、 Hamcrest 下断言语句
字符相关匹配符
/**equalTo匹配符断言被测的testedValue等于expectedValue,
* equalTo可以断言数值之间,字符串之间和对象之间是否相等,相当于Object的equals方法
*/
assertThat(testedValue, equalTo(expectedValue));
/**equalToIgnoringCase匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString
*在忽略大小写的情况下等于expectedString
*/
assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringCase(expectedString));
/**equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString
*在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等于expectedString,
*注意:字符串中的空格不能被忽略
*/
assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(expectedString);
/**containsString匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString包含子字符串subString**/
assertThat(testedString, containsString(subString) );
/**endsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串suffix结尾*/
assertThat(testedString, endsWith(suffix));
/**startsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串prefix开始*/
assertThat(testedString, startsWith(prefix));
一般匹配符
/**nullValue()匹配符断言被测object的值为null*/
assertThat(object,nullValue());
/**notNullValue()匹配符断言被测object的值不为null*/
assertThat(object,notNullValue());
/**is匹配符断言被测的object等于后面给出匹配表达式*/
assertThat(testedString, is(equalTo(expectedValue)));
/**is匹配符简写应用之一,is(equalTo(x))的简写,断言testedValue等于expectedValue*/
assertThat(testedValue, is(expectedValue));
/**is匹配符简写应用之二,is(instanceOf(SomeClass.class))的简写,
*断言testedObject为Cheddar的实例
*/
assertThat(testedObject, is(Cheddar.class));
/**not匹配符和is匹配符正好相反,断言被测的object不等于后面给出的object*/
assertThat(testedString, not(expectedString));
/**allOf匹配符断言符合所有条件,相当于“与”(&&)*/
assertThat(testedNumber, allOf( greaterThan(8), lessThan(16) ) );
/**anyOf匹配符断言符合条件之一,相当于“或”(||)*/
assertThat(testedNumber, anyOf( greaterThan(16), lessThan(8) ) );
数值相关匹配符
/**closeTo匹配符断言被测的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0¡À0.5范围之内*/
assertThat(testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 ));
/**greaterThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0));
/** lessThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber小于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, lessThan (16.0));
/** greaterThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
/** lessThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的testedNumber小于等于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
集合相关匹配符
/**hasEntry匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项*/
assertThat(mapObject, hasEntry("key", "value" ) );
/**hasItem匹配符表明被测的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素element项则测试通过*/
assertThat(iterableObject, hasItem (element));
/** hasKey匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”*/
assertThat(mapObject, hasKey ("key"));
/** hasValue匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有元素值value*/
assertThat(mapObject, hasValue(value));
2、注解说明
/**
* @Before:初始化方法
* @After:释放资源
* @Test:测试方法(包括:期望异常和超时时间)
*
* @Test(timeout = 1000),超时会失败。
*
* @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class) 希望抛出空指针异常
*
*
* @Ignore:忽略的测试方法
* @BeforeClass:针对所有测试,只执行一次,且必须为static void
* @AfterClass:针对所有测试,只执行一次,且必须为static void
* @RunWith:可以更改测试运行器
* 执行顺序:
*
* @BeforeClass ==> @Before ==> @Test ==> @After ==> @AfterClass
*
*
*
* @SpringBootTest会加载spring的上下文,这样可以使用@Autowired注入Bean
*/