设计模式四（结构型）

1.装饰器模式

定义：向一个现有的对象添加新的功能，同时又不改变其结构（目的是动态的给一个对象添加额外的职责，代码的实现有点类似静态代理，但它们的目的是截然不同的，纯属个人理解）。

示例：

public interface Learner{
    public void learn(String name);
}

public class JavaLearner implements Learner {
    @Override
    public void learn(String name) {
        System.out.println(name+"掌握了java基础");
    }
}

public abstract class LearnerDecorator implements Learner{
    private Learner learner;
    LearnerDecorator(Learner learner){
        this.learner = learner;
    }
    @Override
    public void learn(String name) {
        learner.learn(name);
    }
}

public class JavaLearnerDecorator extends LearnerDecorator {
    JavaLearnerDecorator(Learner learner) {
        super(learner);
    }
    @Override
    public void learn(String name) {
        super.learn(name);
        study(name);
    }
    public void study(String name){
        System.out.println(name+"学习java web知识");
    }
}

测试：

public class DecoratorTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Learner learner = new JavaLearner();
        learner.learn("小猿");
        System.out.println("被装饰后的能力---------");
        Learner  javaLearnerDecorator= new JavaLearnerDecorator(learner);
        javaLearnerDecorator.learn("小猿");
    }
}

结果：

2.外观模式

定义：隐藏系统的复杂性，向客户端提供可供访问的接口，只把客户端需要的接口摘取出来，供他们访问。

示例：

public interface StudentInfo {
   void insert(String info);
   void get(String id);
}
public class StudentInfoImpl implements StudentInfo {
    @Override
    public void insert(String info) {
        System.out.println("写入数据库学生信息"+info);
    }

    @Override
    public void get(String id) {
        System.out.println("查询学生信息");
    }
}
public interface TeacherInfo {
    void insert(String info);
    void get(String id);
}
public class TeacherInfoImpl implements TeacherInfo{
    @Override
    public void insert(String info) {
        System.out.println("写入数据库老师信息"+info);
    }

    @Override
    public void get(String id) {
        System.out.println("查询老师信息");
    }
}

public class InfoFacade {
    private StudentInfo studentInfo;
    private TeacherInfo teacherInfo;

    InfoFacade() {
        studentInfo = new StudentInfoImpl();
        teacherInfo = new TeacherInfoImpl();
    }

    public void getStudent(String id) {
        studentInfo.get(id);
    }

    public void getTeacher(String id) {
        teacherInfo.get(id);
    }
}

测试：

public class FacadeTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        InfoFacade infoFacade = new InfoFacade();
        infoFacade.getStudent("1");
        infoFacade.getTeacher("2");
    }
}

结果：

3.桥接模式

定义：是用于把抽象化与实现化解耦，使得二者可以独立变化。

代码：

public interface DrawAPI {
    void drawCircle(int radius,int x,int y);
}
public class RedCircle implements DrawAPI {
    @Override
    public void drawCircle(int radius, int x, int y) {
        System.out.println("画一个半径为"+radius+"坐标为x:"+x+",y:"+y+"的红色的圆");
    }
}
public class BlueCircle implements DrawAPI {
    @Override
    public void drawCircle(int radius, int x, int y) {
        System.out.println("画一个半径为"+radius+"坐标为x:"+x+",y:"+y+"的蓝色的圆");
    }
}

public abstract class Shape {
    protected DrawAPI drawAPI;

    protected Shape(DrawAPI drawAPI) {
        this.drawAPI = drawAPI;
    }
    public abstract void draw();
}
public class Circle extends Shape {
    private int x,y,radius;
    public Circle(int radius,int x,int y,DrawAPI drawAPI) {
        super(drawAPI);
        this.radius = radius;
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }
    @Override
    public void draw() {
        drawAPI.drawCircle(radius,x,y);
    }
}

测试：

public class BridgeTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Shape redCircle = new Circle(5, 3, 19, new RedCircle());
        redCircle.draw();
        Shape blueCircle = new Circle(5,3,19,new BlueCircle());
        blueCircle.draw();
    }
}

结果：