函数式编程：filter的使用方法

按照惯例，在学习filter函数之前在交互模式下看下filter的文档（养成好习惯，不能做拿来主义，自己还是要实验一下的）

python2 >>>

Help on built-in function filter in module __builtin__:

filter(...)
    filter(function or None, sequence) -> list, tuple, or string
    
    Return those items of sequence for which function(item) is true.  If
    function is None, return the items that are true.  If sequence is a tuple
    or string, return the same type, else return a list.

return list tuple string ？if sequence is a tuple or string return the same type else return a list?  

print(type(filter(lambda x: x.islower(),'AbcDEFg')))
>>>>> # <type 'str'>


set(['1', '3', '2', '5', '4', '6'])
print(type(filter(lambda x: int(x) % 2 ==0,l)))
>>>>> # <type 'list'>
>>>>> # else return list


print(type(filter(lambda x: x.islower(),('A','B','C','d','e','f'))))
>>>> # <type 'tuple'>


print(type(filter(lambda x: x.islower(),['A','B','C','d','e','f'])))
>>>> # <type 'list'>

果然，文档肯定没有错！

If funtion is None, return the items that are true (what's true?  )

print(filter(None,[0,1,2,3,4,5,None]))
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]  

直接判断item是真假了，不再有条件进行判断。

 

python3 >>>

Help on class filter in module builtins:

class filter(object)
 |  filter(function or None, iterable) --> filter object
 |  
 |  Return an iterator yielding those items of iterable for which function(item)
 |  is true. If function is None, return the items that are true.
 |  
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __getattribute__(self, name, /)
 |      Return getattr(self, name).
 |  
 |  __iter__(self, /)
 |      Implement iter(self).
 |  
 |  __next__(self, /)
 |      Implement next(self).
 |  
 |  __reduce__(...)
 |      Return state information for pickling.
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Static methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
 |      Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature.

1. return filter object （iterator）返回一个迭代器对象

 

 

实例：

#！/usr/bin/env python2.7
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
def prime(x):
    if x < 1:
        return False
    else:
        for i in range(2,x):
            if x%i == 0:
                return True
        else:
            return False
            
print(filter(prime, range(1,100)))


#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
def prime(x):
    if x < 1:
        return False
    else:
        for i in range(2,x):
            if x%i == 0:
                return True
        else:
            return False
            
print(list(filter(prime, range(1,100))))


# python2和python3的区别（基本上就只在于返回的值的不同）