Swift学习：12.函数

1.函数的定义与调用

func sayHello(personName: String) -> String {

    let greeting = "Hello, " + personName + "!"

    return greeting

}

2.外部参数

func someFunction(externalParameterName localParameterName: Int) {}

func containsCharacter(#string: String, #characterToFind: Character) -> Bool {}

3.可变参数

func arithmeticMean(numbers: Double...) -> Double {

    var total: Double = 0

    for number in numbers {

        total += number

    }

    return total / Double(numbers.count)

}

arithmeticMean(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

arithmeticMean(3, 8, 19)

4.默认参数

func join(string s1: String, toString s2: String, withJoiner joiner: String = " ") -> String {

    return s1 + joiner + s2

}

join(string: "hello", toString: "world")

5.输入输出参数

func swapTwoInts(inout a: Int, inout b: Int) {

    let temporaryA = a

    a = b

    b = temporaryA

}

var someInt = 3

var anotherInt = 107

swapTwoInts(&someInt, &anotherInt)

6.函数类型

func addTwoInts(a: Int, b: Int) -> Int {

    return a + b

}

func multiplyTwoInts(a: Int, b: Int) -> Int {

    return a * b

}

这两个函数的类型是(Int,Int) -> Int,读作“这个函数类型，它有两个 Int 型的参数并返回一个 Int 型的值。”

func printHelloWorld() {

    println("hello, world")

}

这个函数的类型是() -> (),读作“没有参数，并返回 Void 类型的函数”

7.函数类型作为参数

func printMathResult(mathFunction: (Int, Int) -> Int, a: Int, b: Int) {

    println("Result: \(mathFunction(a, b))")

}

printMathResult(addTwoInts, 3, 5)

当printMathResult 被调用时，它被传入 addTwoInts 函数和整数3和5。它用传入3和5调用 addTwoInts，并输出结果：8。

8.嵌套函数

func chooseStepFunction(backwards: Bool) -> (Int) -> Int {

    func stepForward(input: Int) -> Int { return input + 1 }

    func stepBackward(input: Int) -> Int { return input - 1 }

    return backwards ? stepBackward : stepForward

}

9.示例代码

func sayHello(#userName:String,age userAge:Int = 20)->String{

    return "用户名：\(userName) 年龄：\(userAge)"

}

func getName()->(name:String,age:Int){

    println("No return")

    return ("sn",24)

}

func countPerson(names:String...){

    for name in names{

        println(name)

    }

}

//println(sayHello("sn",24))

//sayHello(name: "sn", age: 24)

//sayHello(userName: <#String#>, age: <#Int#>)

println(sayHello(userName: "sn"))

var people = getName()

println(people.name)

countPerson("Helen","Tom","Jike")

var myName = "sn"

func changeName(inout name:String){

    name = name + "AAA"

}

changeName(&myName)

println(myName)

func alignRight(var string:String, countNum:Int, pad:String) -> String{

    let num = countNum - count(string)

    if num < 1{

        return string

    }

    else{

        for _ in 1...num{

            string = pad + string

        }

        return string

    }

}

let originalString = "hello"

let paddedString = alignRight(originalString, 10, "-")

println(paddedString)

func addTwoInts (a:Int,b:Int)->Int{

    return a+b

}

//var mathFunction:(Int,Int)->Int = addTwoInts

var mathFunction = addTwoInts

var num = mathFunction(2,3)

println(num)

func printMathResault(mathFunction:(Int,Int)->Int,a:Int,b:Int){

    println("result is \(mathFunction(a,b))")

}

printMathResault(mathFunction, 3, 5)

func stepForward (input:Int)->Int{

    return input+1

}

func stepBackward(input:Int)->Int{

    return input-1

}

func chooseStepFunction(backwards:Bool)->(Int)->Int{

    return backwards ? stepBackward : stepForward

}

var value = -34

let moveNearToZero = chooseStepFunction(value>0)

while value != 0{

    println("current value is \(value)")

    value = moveNearToZero(value)

}