本文介绍了一种利用GRE隧道实现多分支互联的方法，并结合IPSec保障数据传输安全。重点介绍了配置步骤、关键点及注意事项。
多分支接入的情况下，如果设备支持点到多点GRE隧道，则总部只需要配置一个GRE Tunnle，但是设备不支持此特性的话，只能在总部为每个分支建立一个GRE Tunnle。
总部:
公网地址：100.0.0.1
私网地址:192.168.0.0/24
GRE tunnel 0:去往分支1
地址：21.0.0.1
封装源地址:20.0.0.1 目的地址:20.0.0.2
GRE tunnel 1:去往分支2
地址：11.0.0.1
封装源地址:10.0.0.1 目的地址:10.0.0.2
分支一：
公网地址：100.0.0.2
私网地址:192.168.1.0/24
GRE tunnel 0:去往总部
地址：21.0.0.2
封装源地址:20.0.0.2 目的地址:20.0.0.1
分支二：
公网地址：100.0.0.2
私网地址:192.168.1.0/24
GRE tunnel 0:去往总部
地址：11.0.0.2
封装源地址:10.0.0.2 目的地址:10.0.0.1
配置步骤
配置基本的IP地址以及域间策略
总部：
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2 #公网口
ip address 100.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
interface LoopBack0 #GRE封装时的源地址
description GRE
ip address 20.0.0.1 255.255.255.255
interface LoopBack1 # #GRE封装时的源地址
description GRE
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.255
interface Tunnel0 mode gre
description ToFenZhi_1
ip address 21.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
source 20.0.0.1
destination 20.0.0.2
interface Tunnel1 mode gre
description ToFenZhi_2
ip address 11.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
source 10.0.0.1
destination 10.0.0.2
#域间策略
security-zone name Trust
import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
security-zone name Untrust
import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
import interface Tunnel0
import interface Tunnel1
zone-pair security source Any destination Any
packet-filter 3010
acl advanced 3010
description yujiancelue
rule 0 permit ip
分支一：
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
ip address 100.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
interface LoopBack0
description GRE
ip address 20.0.0.2 255.255.255.255
interface Tunnel0 mode gre #这里封装的地址源目和总部反过来
ip address 21.0.0.2 255.255.254.0
source 20.0.0.2
destination 20.0.0.1
security-zone name Trust
import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
security-zone name Untrust
import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
import interface Tunnel0
acl advanced 3010
description yujiancelue
rule 0 permit ip
zone-pair security source Local destination Any
packet-filter 3010
分支二：
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
ip address 100.0.0.3 255.255.255.0
interface LoopBack0
description GRE
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255
interface Tunnel0 mode gre
ip address 11.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
source 10.0.0.2
destination 10.0.0.1
security-zone name Trust
import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1#
security-zone name Untrust
import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
import interface Tunnel0
acl advanced 3010
description yujiancelue
rule 0 permit ip
zone-pair security source Any destination Any
packet-filter 3010
IPsec的配置
总部
#总部使用模板方式建立ipsec，只需要写一个策略，不需要安全acl。
ike keychain 1
pre-shared-key address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 key simple 123 #0.0.0.0代表接受任何地址建立ipsec
ike profile 1
keychain 1
local-identity address 100.0.0.1
match remote identity address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
ipsec transform-set 1
esp encryption-algorithm 3des-cbc
esp authentication-algorithm md5
ipsec policy-template 1 1
transform-set 1
local-address 100.0.0.1
ike-profile 1
ipsec policy 1 1 isakmp template 1
#接口下调用ipsec
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
ip address 100.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
ipsec apply policy 1
最重要的一步：
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 Tunnel0 #192.168.1.0是分支一的私网地址，将其下一跳指向Tunnle 0，即去往分支一的GRE隧道。
ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 Tunnel1 #192.168.1.0是分支二的私网地址，将其下一跳指向Tunnle 0，即去往分支一的GRE隧道。
分支一：
ike profile 1
keychain 1
match remote identity address 100.0.0.1 255.255.255.255
ike keychain 1
pre-shared-key address 100.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 key simple 123
ipsec transform-set 1
esp encryption-algorithm 3des-cbc
esp authentication-algorithm md5
ipsec policy 1 1 isakmp
transform-set 1
security acl 3020
remote-address 100.0.0.1
ike-profile 1
acl advanced 3020
description IPsec
rule 0 permit ip source 20.0.0.2 0 destination 20.0.0.1 0 #这里安全ACl匹配的流和GRE的源目地址一致，即由GRE封装之后的报文。
最重要的一步：
ip route-static 192.168.0.0 24 Tunnel0 #不管是去往总部192.168.0.0还是去往其他分支192.168.2.0，下一跳全部指向Tunnle 0，全部指向总部，再由总部转发。
ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 Tunnel0
分支二：
类似分支一
ipsec transform-set 1
esp encryption-algorithm 3des-cbc
esp authentication-algorithm md5
ipsec policy 1 1 isakmp
transform-set 1
security acl 3020
remote-address 100.0.0.1
ike-profile 1
ike profile 1
keychain 1
match remote identity address 100.0.0.1 255.255.255.255
ike keychain 1
pre-shared-key address 100.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 key simple 123
acl advanced 3020
description IPsec
rule 0 permit ip source 20.0.0.2 0 destination 20.0.0.1 0
ip route-static 192.168.0.0 24 Tunnel0
ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 Tunnel0
验证效果：
#总部使用模板方式时，只能被动建立IPSEC隧道，不能主动呼叫。
分支一：
[H3C]ping -a 192.168.1.1 192.168.0.1
Ping 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) from 192.168.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
56 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=8.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.000 ms
— Ping statistics for 192.168.0.1 —
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.000/2.800/8.000/2.638 ms
[H3C]%May 9 18:41:03:921 2018 H3C PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: -COntext=1; Ping statistics for 192.168.0.1: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.000/2.800/8.000/2.638 ms.
[H3C]ping -a 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1
Ping 192.168.2.1 (192.168.2.1) from 192.168.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
56 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=5.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=2.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=4.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=2.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=3.000 ms
— Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1 —
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 2.000/3.200/5.000/1.166 ms
[H3C]%May 9 18:41:07:906 2018 H3C PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: -COntext=1; Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 2.000/3.200/5.000/1.166 ms.
分支二：
[H3C]ping -a 192.168.2.1 192.168.0.1
Ping 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) from 192.168.2.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
56 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=1.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.000 ms
— Ping statistics for 192.168.0.1 —
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.000/1.200/2.000/0.400 ms
[H3C]%May 9 18:42:47:047 2018 H3C PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: -COntext=1; Ping statistics for 192.168.0.1: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.000/1.200/2.000/0.400 ms.
[H3C]ping -a 192.168.2.1 192.168.1.1
Ping 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) from 192.168.2.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
56 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=11.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=2.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=2.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=5.000 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=4.000 ms
— Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1 —
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 2.000/4.800/11.000/3.311 ms
[H3C]%May 9 18:42:50:726 2018 H3C PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: -COntext=1; Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 2.000/4.800/11.000/3.311 ms.
配置关键点
总结与建议：
一：注意loopback口的建立，和GRE封装时的源目地址保持一致，而不是GRE Tunnle的ip地址。
二：安全策略，Tunnle口需要加入安全域并且放通策略
三：这种方式下的IPSEC，后续网段变动时，只需要配置不同的静态路由指向GRE Tunnle口，IPsec的配置无需改变，适合私网地址较大的拓扑。
四：IPsec的各种加密参数注意保持一致。以及IPsec的安全ACL匹配的是GRE封装之后的源目地址。
五：对于各种访问控制，建议IPsec这块不用动，等IPsec成功后，在防火墙的域间策略上统一控制。
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