设计模式之中介者模式(Mediator)
场景
比较经典的场景是聊天室,本篇采用 https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/tree/master/mediator 上的例子
现有巫师、猎人、霍比特人··· ···某个世界,他们之间可以任意多个结成团体,团体之间有福同享。
**主要解决:**对象与对象之间存在大量的关联关系,这样势必会导致系统的结构变得很复杂,同时若一个对象发生改变,我们也需要跟踪与之相关联的对象,同时做出相应的处理。
**何时使用:**多个类相互耦合,形成了网状结构。
刚看代码的时候有点蒙,敲上一遍就会明白结构设计,类之间的通讯的巧妙,遇到不太懂的看看UML,查查资料,实在不行写一遍
适用性
团体接口
public interface Party {
void addMember(PartyMember member);
void act(PartyMember actor, Action action);
List<PartyMember> getPartyMembers();
}
成员接口
public interface PartyMember {
void joinParty(Party party);
void partyAction(Action action);
void act(Action action);
}
分享枚举信息
public enum Action {
HUNT("hunted a rabbit", "arrives for dinner"), TALE("tells a tale", "comes to listen"), GOLD(
"found gold", "takes his share of the gold"), NONE(
"", "");
private String title;
private String describe;
Action(String title,String describe) {
this.title = title;
this.describe = describe;
}
public String getDescribe(){
return describe;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return title;
}
}
成员基类(减少冗余代码),不用为每个成员编写方法
public abstract class PartyMemberBase implements PartyMember {
protected Party party;
@Override
public void joinParty(Party party) {
System.out.println(String.format("%s join the party", this));
this.party = party;
}
@Override
public void partyAction(Action action) {
System.out.println(String.format("%s %s", this, action.getDescribe()));
}
@Override
public void act(Action action) {
if (party != null) {
System.out.println(String.format("%s %s", this, action));
party.act(this, action);
}
}
@Override
public abstract String toString();
}
霍比特人
public class Hobbit extends PartyMemberBase {
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Hobbit";
}
}
猎人
public class Hunter extends PartyMemberBase {
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Hunter";
}
}
巫师
public class Wizard extends PartyMemberBase {
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Wizard";
}
}
测试
@Test
public void mediatorTest(){
Party party = new PartyImpl();
PartyMember hobbit = new Hobbit();
PartyMember hunter = new Hunter();
PartyMember wizard = new Wizard();
party.addMember(hobbit);
party.addMember(hunter);
party.addMember(wizard);
System.out.println("===act===");
hobbit.act(Action.GOLD);
System.out.println("======");
hunter.act(Action.HUNT);
System.out.println("======");
wizard.act(Action.TALE);
}
类图