C语言字符串的动态操作

C语言中的字符串，相比C++，少了许多动态操作函数，比如没有动态删除字符串开头或末尾元素的函数，也没有动态追加字符串的函数，为了一劳永逸，仿写了C++中的push_back(), push_front(), pop_back(), pop_front(), append()等函数。这些函数都是修改了自己本身，同时也可能改变了内存地址。

实现代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/*
 * 对于下列函数的第一个参数，只能传入像char * s = "hello"这样声明的指针s
 * 不能使用 char s2[] = "hello" 中的数组名s2，
 * 毕竟这样声明的字符串数组不能改变
 */
// 末尾添加元素
char* push_back(char * st, char ch)
{
    int len = strlen(st) + 2;
    char tmp[len];
    strcpy(tmp, st);
    tmp[len - 2] = ch;
    tmp[len - 1] = '\0';
    free(st);
    st = (char*)malloc(len * sizeof(char));
    strcpy(st, tmp);
    return st;
}

// 头部添加元素
char* push_front(char * st, char ch)
{
    int len = strlen(st) + 2;
    char tmp[len];
    tmp[0] = ch;
    strcat(tmp, st);
    free(st);
    st = (char*)malloc(len * sizeof(char));
    strcpy(st, tmp);
    return st;
}

// 删除首个元素
char* pop_front(char * st)
{
    int len = strlen(st);
    char tmp[len];
    for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i)
        tmp[i] = st[i + 1];
    tmp[len - 1] = '\0';
    free(st);
    st = (char*)malloc(len * sizeof(char));
    strcpy(st, tmp);
    return st;
}

// 删除末尾元素
char* pop_back(char * st)
{
    int len = strlen(st);
    char tmp[len];
    for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i)
        tmp[i] = st[i];
    tmp[len - 1] = '\0';
    free(st);
    st = (char*)malloc(len * sizeof(char));
    strcpy(st, tmp);
    return st;
}

// 末尾添加字符串
char* append(char * st, const char * s)
{
    int len = strlen(st) + strlen(s) + 1;
    char tmp[len];
    strcpy(tmp, st);
    strcat(tmp, s);
    free(st);
    st = (char*)malloc(len * sizeof(char));
    strcpy(st, tmp);
    return st;
}


int main()
{
    char *s = "hell";
    s = push_back(s, 'o');
    printf("%-15s%p\n", s, (void*)s);

    s = push_back(s, ',');
    printf("%-15s%p\n", s, (void*)s);

    s = push_back(s, 'M');
    printf("%-15s%p\n", s, (void*)s);

    s = push_front(s, '1');
    printf("%-15s%p\n", s, (void*)s);

    s = pop_front(s);
    printf("%-15s%p\n", s, (void*)s);

    s = push_back(s, 'a');
    printf("%-15s%p\n", s, (void*)s);

    s = pop_back(s);
    printf("%-15s%p\n", s, (void*)s);

    s = append(s, "AT!");
    printf("%-15s%p\n", s, (void*)s);

    free(s);	// 记得释放内存
    return 0;
}

代码在CLion上运行通过