本文详细介绍了Element UI的基本使用，包括Element的介绍、快速入门步骤、基础布局、容器布局、表单组件、表格组件、顶部导航栏组件和侧边导航栏组件的使用方法。Element是饿了么公司提供的基于Vue的组件库，适用于快速构建前端页面。文章通过实例代码展示了如何引入和使用各种组件，如按钮、布局、表单和导航栏，帮助读者掌握Element UI的主要功能。
Element 基本使用
1、Element介绍
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Element：网站快速成型工具。是饿了么公司前端开发团队提供的一套基于Vue的网站组件库。
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使用Element前提必须要有Vue。
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组件：组成网页的部件，例如超链接、按钮、图片、表格等等~
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Element官网：https://element.eleme.cn/#/zh-CN 里面有各种组件样例
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自己完成的按钮
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Element 提供的按钮
2、Element快速入门
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开发步骤
- 下载 Element 核心库。 element-ui文件夹下目录需整体复制到代码中
- 引入 Element 样式文件。
- 引入 Vue 核心 js 文件。
- 引入 Element 核心 js 文件。
- 编写按钮标签。
- 通过 Vue 核心对象加载元素。
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代码实现
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>快速入门</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"> <!--引入element样式文件--> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <!--引入Vue核心文件--> <script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script> <!--引入element核心js文件--> </head> <body> <button>我是按钮</button> <br> <div id="div"> <el-row> <el-button>默认按钮</el-button> <el-button type="primary">主要按钮</el-button> <el-button type="success">成功按钮</el-button> <el-button type="info">信息按钮</el-button> <el-button type="warning">警告按钮</el-button> <el-button type="danger">危险按钮</el-button> </el-row> <br> <el-row> <el-button plain>朴素按钮</el-button> <el-button type="primary" plain>主要按钮</el-button> <el-button type="success" plain>成功按钮</el-button> <el-button type="info" plain>信息按钮</el-button> <el-button type="warning" plain>警告按钮</el-button> <el-button type="danger" plain>危险按钮</el-button> </el-row> <br> <el-row> <el-button round>圆角按钮</el-button> <el-button type="primary" round>主要按钮</el-button> <el-button type="success" round>成功按钮</el-button> <el-button type="info" round>信息按钮</el-button> <el-button type="warning" round>警告按钮</el-button> <el-button type="danger" round>危险按钮</el-button> </el-row> <br> <el-row> <el-button icon="el-icon-search" circle></el-button> <el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-edit" circle></el-button> <el-button type="success" icon="el-icon-check" circle></el-button> <el-button type="info" icon="el-icon-message" circle></el-button> <el-button type="warning" icon="el-icon-star-off" circle></el-button> <el-button type="danger" icon="el-icon-delete" circle></el-button> </el-row> </div> </body> <script> new Vue({ el:"#div" }); </script> </html>
3、基础布局
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将页面分成最多 24 个部分，自由切分。 就是将页面分成24列，例如：下图中的12就代表一个部分占12列，也就将页面分成两个部分。
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代码实现
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>基础布局</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"> <!--引入element样式文件--> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <!--引入Vue核心文件--> <script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script> <!--引入element核心js文件--> <style> .el-row { /* 行距为20px */ margin-bottom: 20px; } .bg-purple-dark { background: red; } .bg-purple { background: blue; } .bg-purple-light { background: green; } .grid-content { /* 边框圆润度 */ border-radius: 4px; /* 行高为36px */ min-height: 36px; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="div"> <el-row> <!--1行--> <el-col :span="24"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-dark"></div></el-col> <!--1列--> </el-row> <el-row> <el-col :span="12"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col> <!--2列--> <el-col :span="12"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col> </el-row> <el-row> <el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col> <!--3列--> <el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col> <el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col> </el-row> <el-row> <el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col> <!--4列--> <el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col> <el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col> <el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col> </el-row> <el-row> <el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col> <!--6列--> <el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col> <el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col> <el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col> <el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col> <el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col> </el-row> </div> </body> <script> new Vue({ el:"#div" }); </script> </html>
4、容器布局
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将页面分成头部区域、侧边栏区域、主区域、底部区域。4个区域。
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代码实现
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>容器布局</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script> <style> .el-header, .el-footer { background-color: #d18e66; color: #333; text-align: center; height: 100px; } .el-aside { background-color: #55e658; color: #333; text-align: center; height: 580px; } .el-main { background-color: #5fb1f3; color: #333; text-align: center; height: 520px; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="div"> <el-container> <!--<el-container>标签中包含<el-header>或者<el-footer>则垂直分布--> <el-header>头部区域</el-header> <!--垂直--> <el-container> <el-aside width="200px">侧边栏区域</el-aside> <el-container> <el-main>主区域</el-main> <el-footer>底部区域</el-footer><!--垂直--> </el-container> </el-container> </el-container> </div> </body> <script> new Vue({ el:"#div" }); </script> </html>
5、表单组件
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由输入框、下拉列表、单选框、多选框等控件组成，用以收集、校验、提交数据。
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代码实现
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>表单组件</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="div"> <el-form :model="ruleForm" :rules="rules" ref="ruleForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm"> <el-form-item label="活动名称" prop="name"> <el-input v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input> <!--输入--> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="活动区域" prop="region"> <el-select v-model="ruleForm.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域"> <!--下拉列表 v-model进行了双向数据绑定--> <el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option> <el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option> </el-select> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="活动时间" required> <!--时间选择--> <el-col :span="11"> <el-form-item prop="date1"> <el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="ruleForm.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker> </el-form-item> </el-col> <el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col> <el-col :span="11"> <el-form-item prop="date2"> <el-time-picker placeholder="选择时间" v-model="ruleForm.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker> </el-form-item> </el-col> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="即时配送" prop="delivery"> <!--开关--> <el-switch v-model="ruleForm.delivery"></el-switch> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="活动性质" prop="type"> <el-checkbox-group v-model="ruleForm.type"> <!--多选--> <el-checkbox label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox> <el-checkbox label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox> <el-checkbox label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox> <el-checkbox label="单纯品牌曝光" name="type"></el-checkbox> </el-checkbox-group> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="特殊资源" prop="resource"> <el-radio-group v-model="ruleForm.resource"> <!--单选--> <el-radio label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio> <el-radio label="线下场地免费"></el-radio> </el-radio-group> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="活动形式" prop="desc"> <el-input type="textarea" v-model="ruleForm.desc"></el-input> <!--文档输入框--> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">立即创建</el-button> <!--按钮--> <el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button> </el-form-item> </el-form> </div> </body> <script> new Vue({ el:"#div", data:{ ruleForm: { name: '', region: '', date1: '', date2: '', delivery: false, type: [], resource: '', desc: '' }, rules: { //rules属性传入约定的验证规则 name: [ //提示信息 //触发事件：失去焦点事件 { required: true, message: '请输入活动名称', trigger: 'blur' }, { min: 3, max: 5, message: '长度在 3 到 5 个字符', trigger: 'blur' } ], region: [ { required: true, message: '请选择活动区域', trigger: 'change' } ], date1: [ { type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择日期', trigger: 'change' } ], date2: [ { type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择时间', trigger: 'change' } ], type: [ { type: 'array', required: true, message: '请至少选择一个活动性质', trigger: 'change' } ], resource: [ { required: true, message: '请选择活动资源', trigger: 'change' } ], desc: [ { required: true, message: '请填写活动形式', trigger: 'blur' } ] } }, methods:{ submitForm(formName) { //提交表单 this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => { if (valid) { alert('submit!'); } else { console.log('error submit!!'); return false; } }); }, resetForm(formName) { //重置表单 this.$refs[formName].resetFields(); } } }); </script> </html>
6、表格组件
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用于展示多条结构类似的数据，可对数据进行编辑、删除或其他自定义操作。
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代码实现
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>表格组件</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="div"> <template> <el-table :data="tableData" <!--属性绑定--> style="width: 100%"> <el-table-column prop="date" label="日期" width="180"> </el-table-column> <el-table-column prop="name" label="姓名" width="180"> </el-table-column> <el-table-column prop="address" label="地址"> </el-table-column> <el-table-column label="操作" width="180"> <el-button type="warning">编辑</el-button> <el-button type="danger">删除</el-button> </el-table-column> </el-table> </template> </div> </body> <script> new Vue({ el:"#div", data:{ tableData: [{ date: '2016-05-02', name: '王小虎', address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄' }, { date: '2016-05-04', name: '王小虎', address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1517 弄' }, { date: '2016-05-01', name: '王小虎', address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1519 弄' }, { date: '2016-05-03', name: '王小虎', address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1516 弄' }] } }); </script> </html>
7、顶部导航栏组件
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顶部导航栏
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代码实现
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>顶部导航栏</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="div"> <el-menu :default-active="activeIndex2" class="el-menu-demo" mode="horizontal" @select="handleSelect" background-color="#545c64" text-color="#fff" active-text-color="#ffd04b"> <el-menu-item index="1">处理中心</el-menu-item> <!--不包含子级菜单--> <el-submenu index="2"> <template slot="title">我的工作台</template> <!--包含子级菜单--> <el-menu-item index="2-1">选项1</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="2-2">选项2</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="2-3">选项3</el-menu-item> <el-submenu index="2-4"> <template slot="title">选项4</template> <el-menu-item index="2-4-1">选项1</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="2-4-2">选项2</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="2-4-3">选项3</el-menu-item> </el-submenu> </el-submenu> <el-menu-item index="3" disabled>消息中心</el-menu-item> <!--禁用--> <el-menu-item index="4"><a href="https://www.ele.me" target="_blank">订单管理</a></el-menu-item> </el-menu> </div> </body> <script> new Vue({ el:"#div" }); </script> </html>
8、侧边导航栏组件
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侧边导航栏
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代码实现
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>侧边导航栏</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="div"> <el-col :span="6"> <!--span宽度调节--> <el-menu default-active="2" class="el-menu-vertical-demo" @open="handleOpen" @close="handleClose" background-color="#545c64" text-color="#fff" active-text-color="#ffd04b"> <el-submenu index="1"> <!--包含子级菜单--> <template slot="title"> <i class="el-icon-location"></i> <span>导航一</span> </template> <el-menu-item-group> <!--分组--> <template slot="title">分组一</template> <el-menu-item index="1-1">选项1</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="1-2">选项2</el-menu-item> </el-menu-item-group> <el-menu-item-group title="分组2"> <el-menu-item index="1-3">选项3</el-menu-item> </el-menu-item-group> <el-submenu index="1-4"> <template slot="title">选项4</template> <el-menu-item index="1-4-1">选项1</el-menu-item> </el-submenu> </el-submenu> <el-menu-item index="2"> <!--不包含子级菜单--> <i class="el-icon-menu"></i> <span slot="title">导航二</span> </el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="3" disabled> <i class="el-icon-document"></i> <span slot="title">导航三</span> </el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="4"> <i class="el-icon-setting"></i> <span slot="title">导航四</span> </el-menu-item> </el-menu> </el-col> </div> </body> <script> new Vue({ el:"#div" }); </script> </html>
9、小结
- Element：网站快速成型工具。是一套为开发者、设计师、产品经理准备的基于Vue的桌面端组件库。
- 使用Element前提必须要有Vue。
- 使用步骤
1.下载Element核心库。
2.引入Element样式文件。
3.引入Vue核心js文件。
4.引入Element核心js文件。
5.借助常用组件编写网页。 - 常用组件
网页基本组成部分，布局、按钮、表格、表单等等~~~
常用组件不需要记住，只需要在Element官网中复制使用即可。
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