4Java反射与泛型——1反射——5获取继承关系（廖雪峰）

1getSuperclass()

获取父类的Class:

• Class getSuperclass()
• Object的父类是null
• interface的父类是null

Class sup = Integer.class.getSuperclass();//Number.class
Object.class.getSuperClass();//null
Runnable.class.getSuperclass();//null

2getInterfaces()

获取当前类直接实现的interface:

• Class[] getInterfaces()
• 不包括间接实现的interface
• 没有interface的class返回空数组
• interface返回继承的interface

Class[] ifs = Integer.class.getInterfaces();//[Comparable.class]
Class[] ifs = java.util.ArrayList.class.getInterfaces();
//[List.class, RandomAccess.class, Cloneable.class, Serializable.class]
Class[] ifs = Math.class.getInterfaces();//[]
Class[] ifs = java.util.List.class.getInterfaces();//[Collection.class]

3isAssignableFrom()

判断一个向上转型是否成立：

• bool isAssignableFrom(Class)

//Integer i = ...
//Number x = i ?
Number.class.isAssignableFrom(Integer.class);//true

//Number n = ...
//Integer i = n ?
Integer.class.isAssignableFrom(Number.class);//false

4实例演示

public class Main {
	
    public static void main(String[] args) {
	Class cls =Student.class;
	printSuperClass(cls);
	printInterfaces(cls);
	printAllInterfaces(cls);
        System.out.println();
	//Person p = new Student()?判断一个Student实例能否赋值给Person实例
	System.out.println(Person.class.isAssignableFrom(Student.class));//true
	//Student s = new Person()?判断一个Person实例能否赋值给Student实例
	System.out.println(Student.class.isAssignableFrom(Person.class));//false
    }

    static void printInterfaces(Class cls) {
	Class[] ifs = cls.getInterfaces();
	System.out.println(cls.getSimpleName()+" implements " + Arrays.toString(cls.getInterfaces()));
	}
	
    static void printAllInterfaces(Class cls) {
	Class[] ifs = cls.getInterfaces();
	for (Class i : ifs) {
	    System.out.print(i.getSimpleName());
	    System.out.print(", ");
	    printAllInterfaces(i);
	}
	Class sup = cls.getSuperclass();
	if (sup != null) {
	    printAllInterfaces(sup);
	}
    }

    static void printSuperClass(Class c) {
	System.out.print(c.getSimpleName());
	Class s = c.getSuperclass();
	if (s == null) {
	    System.out.println();	
	}else {
	    System.out.print(" : ");
	    printSuperClass(s);
	}	
    }
}

public class Person implements Cloneable{
    public int age;

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

public class Student extends Person implements Hello,Serializable{
    public static int number = 0;
	
    public String name;
    private String address = "beijing";

    public Student() {
	this("unnamed");
    }

    public Student(String name) {
	this(name,20);
    }

    private Student(String name,int age){
	this.name = name;
	this.age = age;
	number++;
    }
    public void hello() {
        System.out.println("Hi, "+name+" from " +address +"!");
    }
}

public interface Hello {
    public void hello();
}

5总结

• 通过Class对象可以获取继承关系
  • getSuperclass()
  • getInterfaces()
• 通过Class对象的isAssignableFrom()方法可以判断一个向上转型是否正确