在学习了Spring框架的基础上再进行SpringMVC的学习是一件比较简单的事情,下面开始讲一下如何写一个SpringMVC的HelloWorld
〇、开始前的准备
IDE工具Eclipse,Eclipse中最好已经装了Spring插件,PC机中部署了Tomcat服务器(最好是7.0版本的,8.0版本在使用HiddenHttpMethodFilter时会进行保护而出错)
一、新建一个项目
新建一个Dynamic Web Project,完整的工程的目录如下:
二、添加依赖的jar包
SpringMVC需要用到的jar包有以下这些:
我使用的是MAVEN的方式添加
<properties>
<!-- Generic properties -->
<java.version>1.6</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<!-- Spring -->
<spring-framework.version>4.3.7.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>
</properties>
<!-- add dependencies -->
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
值得注意的一点是,如果你是自己添加包,那么添加到WebContent->WEB-INF->lib中
如果你是使用MAVEN添加,需要右键项目->Properties->Deployment Assembly->Add
把这个配置进去
否则无法在服务器上成功运行,大概会报错例如ClassNotFoundException或者ClassNotDefException。
三、配置DispatcherServlet
在web.xml文件中配置DispatcherServlet,如果你忘了在新建文件时勾选生成web.xml文件,可以右键项目->Java EE Tools->Generate Deployment Descriptor Stub生成一个。
如果你已经在Eclipse中安装了Spring插件,那么在web.xml文件中可以使用Alt+/ 快捷生成配置模板
配置好的web.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet -->
<!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet的一个初始化参数:配置SpringMVC配置文件的位置和名称 -->
<!-- 实际上也可以不通过contextConfigLocation来配置SpringMVC的配置文件,而使用默认的,
默认的配置文件为:/WEB-INF/<servlet-name>-servlet.xml
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
三、写一个HelloWorld类
这个没什么好说的,new 一个package为springmvc,然后再new一个HelloWorld类
package springmvc;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/springmvc")
public class HelloWorld {
private static final String SUCCESS = "success";
@RequestMapping("/helloworld")
public String helloWorld() {
System.out.println("hello world");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
注解@Controller声明了这个类是用作控制器的
注解@RequestMapping("/springmvc")是提供初步的请求映射信息。相对于WEB应用的根目录
注解@RequestMapping("/helloworld")是提供进一步的细分映射信息。相对于类定义处的URL,若类定义处未标记@RequestMapping,则方法处标记的RUL相对于WEB应用的根目录
返回了一个String:success可以通过InternalResourceViewResolver解析为实际的视图
四、在bean配置文件中配置视图解析器
新建一个Spring Bean Configure File,然后配置自动扫描包,和视图解析器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="springmvc"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置视图解析器:如何把handler方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
五、编写jsp文件
在WebContent文件夹下新建一个JSP文件:index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>SpringMVC</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="springmvc/helloworld">Hello World!</a>
</body>
</html>
在WebContent/WEB-INF/views文件夹下新建一个JSP文件:success.jsp至于为什么是在这个文件夹,因为刚刚在视图解析器中我们定义了视图文件的路径的前缀是
value="/WEB-INF/views/"
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>SpringMVC</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>success page</h4>
</body>
</html>
然后右键index.jsp,run as->run on server就可以看到效果了。
可以看到页面跳转正确,在控制台中也成功输出了hello world