GIS理论常识——坐标系相关知识

目录

1、个人总结: 

2、地理坐标:

3、投影坐标:

如何选择投影:

高斯-克吕格3度带与6度带投影图

如何计算UTM投影带号:

常见投影编号:

投影编号表: 


1、个人总结: 

笛卡尔坐标可以以任何体为参考指定中心点和xyz方向来建立,wgs84只是一地球为参考建立的笛卡尔坐标。

在把shader往three上加,或者three叠加到Cesium/Mapbox上时,就是在统一他们的参考。理解这点很关键。

2、地理坐标:

Geographic Coordinate System 空间坐标系对应EPSG编号 - 程序员大本营

WKIDGeographic Coordinate System 地理坐标
4214GCS_Beijing_1954
4326GCS_WGS_1984
4490GCS_China_Geodetic_Coordinate_System_2000
4555GCS_New_Beijing
4610GCS_Xian_1980

3、投影坐标:

  • 如何选择投影:

选择坐标系时,用QGIS的坐标系里面选,能看到对应的范围及地理坐标系等。

  • 高斯-克吕格3度带与6度带投影图

中国UTM投影带号中国国境所跨UTM带号为43-534。 北半球地区,选择最后字母为“N”的带,

  • 如何计算UTM投影带号:

 带数=(经度整数位/6)的整数部分+31

如:WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_49N,这个49的计算方法:

        从180度经度向东,每6度为一投影带,第49个投影带: 49=(114+180)/6,这个114为49投影带的最大经线。

如:广州经度范围112.95-113.98,带数=113/6+31=49,选49N,即WGS 1984 UTM ZONE 49N

  • 常见投影编号:

中国:102025 102026 102027 102012
北半球:32700 102016 102034 3408 102017 6931 3973
南半球:32600 102019 102036 3409 102020 6932 3974
全球:5819 5820 53017 53044 54098 54099 54100 54101 54017 54051 54050 54044 53043 54043 53032
54032 53024 54024 53028 54028 53046 54046 53015 54015 53014 54014 53012 54012 53011 54011 53010 54010
3410 53034 6933 3975 54034 53027 53001 53001 4087 32662 32663 3786 4088 54002 54001 52016 54016
54052 54053 LNGLNG SYSLN 54023 53023 54045 53045 900913 3785 53004
3857 6871 3395 6893 WGS84WMSV 102113 102100 54004 53003 53009 54009 53049 54049

  • 投影编号表: 

EPSG投影坐标系名称经度最小经度最大中央经线备注
4513CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 2573.576.575加代号
4514CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 2676.579.578加代号
4515CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 2779.582.581加代号
4516CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 2882.585.584加代号
4517CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 2985.588.587加代号
4518CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 3088.591.590加代号
4519CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 3191.594.593加代号
4520CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 3294.597.596加代号
4521CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 3397.5100.599加代号
4522CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 34100.5103.5102加代号
4523CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 35103.5106.5105加代号
4524CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 36106.5109.5108加代号
4525CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 37109.5112.5111加代号
4526CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 38112.5115.5114加代号
4527CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 39115.5118.5117加代号
4528CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 40118.5121.5120加代号
4529CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 41121.5124.5123加代号
4530CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 42124.5127.5126加代号
4531CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 43127.5130.5129加代号
4532CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 44130.5133.5132加代号
4533CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 45133.5136.5135加代号
4534CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 75E73.576.575
4535CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 78E76.579.578
4536CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 81E79.582.581
4537CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 84E82.585.584
4538CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 87E85.588.587
4539CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 90E88.591.590
4540CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 93E91.594.593
4541CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 96E94.597.596
4542CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 99E97.5100.599
4543CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 102E100.5103.5102
4544CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 105E103.5106.5105
4545CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 108E106.5109.5108
4546CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 111E109.5112.5111
4547CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 114E112.5115.5114
4548CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 117E115.5118.5117
4549CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 120E118.5121.5120
4550CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 123E121.5124.5123
4551CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 126E124.5127.5126
4552CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 129E127.5130.5129
4553CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 132E130.5133.5132
4554CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 135E133.5136.5135
2401Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_2573.576.575加代号
2402Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_2676.579.578加代号
2403Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_2779.582.581加代号
2404Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_2882.585.584加代号
2405Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_2985.588.587加代号
2406Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_3088.591.590加代号
2407Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_3191.594.593加代号
2408Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_3294.597.596加代号
2409Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_3397.5100.599加代号
2410Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_34100.5103.5102加代号
2411Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_35103.5106.5105加代号
2412Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_36106.5109.5108加代号
2413Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_37109.5112.5111加代号
2414Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_38112.5115.5114加代号
2415Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_39115.5118.5117加代号
2416Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_40118.5121.5120加代号
2417Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_41121.5124.5123加代号
2418Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_42124.5127.5126加代号
2419Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_43127.5130.5129加代号
2420Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_44130.5133.5132加代号
2421Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_Zone_45133.5136.5135加代号
2422Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_75E73.576.575
2423Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_78E76.579.578
2424Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_81E79.582.581
2425Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_84E82.585.584
2426Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_87E85.588.587
2427Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_90E88.591.590
2428Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_93E91.594.593
2429Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_96E94.597.596
2430Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_99E97.5100.599
2431Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_102E100.5103.5102
2432Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_105E103.5106.5105
2433Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_108E106.5109.5108
2434Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_111E109.5112.5111
2435Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_114E112.5115.5114
2436Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_117E115.5118.5117
2437Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_120E118.5124.5120
2438Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_123E121.5121.5123
2439Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_126E124.5127.5126
2440Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_129E127.5130.5129
2441Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_132E130.5133.5132
2442Beijing_1954_3_Degree_GK_CM_135E133.5136.5135
2349Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_2573.576.575加代号
2350Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_2676.579.578加代号
2351Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_2779.582.581加代号
2352Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_2882.585.584加代号
2353Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_2985.588.587加代号
2354Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_3088.591.590加代号
2355Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_3191.594.593加代号
2356Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_3294.597.596加代号
2357Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_3397.5100.599加代号
2358Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_34100.5103.5102加代号
2359Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_35103.5106.5105加代号
2360Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_36106.5109.5108加代号
2361Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_37109.5112.5111加代号
2362Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_38112.5115.5114加代号
2363Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_39115.5118.5117加代号
2364Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_40118.5121.5120加代号
2365Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_41121.5124.5123加代号
2366Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_42124.5127.5126加代号
2367Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_43127.5130.5129加代号
2368Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_44130.5133.5132加代号
2369Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_Zone_45133.5136.5135加代号
2370Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_75E73.576.575
2371Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_78E76.579.578
2372Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_81E79.582.581
2373Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_84E82.585.584
2374Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_87E85.588.587
2375Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_90E88.591.590
2376Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_93E91.594.593
2377Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_96E94.597.596
2378Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_99E97.5100.599
2379Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_102E100.5103.5102
2380Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_105E103.5106.5105
2381Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_108E106.5109.5108
2382Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_111E109.5112.5111
2383Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_114E112.5115.5114
2384Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_117E115.5118.5117
2385Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_120E118.5121.5120
2386Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_123E121.5124.5123
2387Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_126E124.5127.5126
2388Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_129E127.5130.5129
2389Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_132E130.5133.5132
2390Xian_1980_3_Degree_GK_CM_135E133.5136.5135

来至  空间坐标系对应EPSG编号 - 程序员大本营

4、很好的文章转过来学习

SuperMap-WebGL-坐标系及转换说明 - yaohuimo - 博客园 ,

cesiumjs开发实践(五) 坐标变换 - kamijawa的个人空间 - OSCHINA - 中文开源技术交流社区

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